The "small numbers" are called subscript (for below) and superscript (for above). They are commonly done this way by first highlighting the numbers or symbols, then clicking on the right tool; for example, above they are the buttons 'x2' and 'x2'. Most other programs also use similar symbols to denote a super-/subscript option.
Formulas for covalent compounds are called molecular formulas. They show the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule.
A molecular formula lists the numbers of the atoms of a specific element in a compound. A structural formula is a picture of how the atoms in a specific molecule are connected, with each atom represented by its chemical symbol. For example, oxygen's molecular formula is O2. Its structural formula is O-O.
subscripts
CH4
Some common molecular formulas include H2O for water, NaCl for salt, C12H22O11 for sugar, and C2H6O for alcohol. The molecular formula for vinegar is CH3COOH.
H20
A structural formula gives more information because it shows not only the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule, but also how they are connected to each other. Molecular formulas only provide the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule.
Molecular formulas contain no information about the arrangement of atoms. Because of this, one molecular formula can describe a number of different chemical structures. A structural formula is used to indicate not only the number of atoms, but also their arrangement in space.
Molecules that have identical molecular formulas but the atoms in each molecule are arranged differently are called isomers.
Information about molecular formulas can be found on chemistry Internet sites or chemistry and physics blogs. They may also be found in chemistry books.
No, the molecular formulas for all amino acids are not the same. The unique molecular formula for each amino acid is referred to as its chemical structure.
Two compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas are isomers. Isomers are compounds with the same number and types of atoms but arranged differently. An example is ethanol (C2H6O) and dimethyl ether (C2H6O), both have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.