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Engineers often use 'models' to represent the behaviour of complicated devices such as machines. In the case of Transformers, these 'models' are more-usually called 'equivalent circuits' -schematic diagrams, using simple resistors and inductors, to simulate the operation of the transformer, and to help us construct the transformer's phasor diagrams.

The simplest equivalent circuit, which can be considered a 'first approximation' of the transformer's behavioiur, is commonly called an 'ideal transformer', and only accounts for the transformer's ability to step up or step down the primary voltage and secondary current.

The 'second approximation' equivalent circuit, takes into account the core losses and magnetising current.

The 'third approximation' equivalent circuit takes into account the resistance and leakage reactance of the primary and secondary circuits, responsible for the regulation of the transformer, and it takes into account both the core losses and the copper losses. The 'third approximation' equivalent circuit, therefore, can be considered the most accurate equivalent circuit.

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10y ago
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12y ago

It's open and closed circuit.

An open circuiit is a break, or disconnection, in a circuit. It could be, for instance, a switch in the "off" position.

A closed dircuit is one which is connected (to something). It may be through a switch in the "on" position.

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10y ago

The same math that's used when working with electrical and electronic circuits

works great with water pumps and pipes, and with automotive suspensions and

exhaust systems, and it can also do pendulums and playgound swings.

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10y ago

You basically simplify the circuit by parts. For example, if you have two resistances in series, with values 2 ohm and 3 ohm, you can replace it by a single resistance with a value of 5 ohms (3 + 2); if you have two resistance in parallel with a value of 10 ohms each, you can replace it by a single resistance with a value of 5 ohms (using the formula for resistors in parallel).

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Q: How do you draw an open and close circuit?
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