The same place they were before the crash. They don't move. Just start your server up again and it should work.
If you want to find them then they should be in the folder you installed the server in. They may also be in your homefolder if you left it on the desktop.
You go to minecraftserverlist.com
Check on websites such as planet minecraft or other sources to find the latest survival servers that have been pinged and work.
IP to the question is:badcheese.com:25565
You need to google it there are thousands of servers.
There are not many Beta servers up at the moment, but the ones that are can be found with Google. engamma.dyndns.org
To find good Minecraft servers check out "Planet Minecraft" is you look under "Servers" you can hit "Top rated!" for the best of the best. But I personally recommend PabiCarft. It is the only server I ever play on. The ip is: pabicraft.no-ip.orgAnd its website is: pabicraft.enjin.com
forget the question its easy theres nuke server and exploding tnt server or find some other servers in youtube the servers got site in youtube there own site is awesome so check the server in youtube or search it to play minecraft
Either the Minecraft Forums, Google it or PlanetMinecraft
There are many, many thousands. You can go on websites such as Planet Minecraft or Minecraft Server List to find some that you would like.
Some servers have a rank system that allows you to go up the ranks. You can find out how to get promoted by seeing a server moderator or look on the servers website.
That depends. Many servers have their own ip address. Some servers work on hamachi, which has a totally different type of ip address. Each Minecraft server ip is different, but you can find different servers on any website or make your own with port forwarding or hamachi. For general multiplayer servers just type in 'Minecraft Multiplayer servers' and you should come up with many websites with tons of good servers to try out! Happy Playing! ;)
You'd have to find somewhere else to host it. All servers run on a host computer, and if that computer is switched off, be it your own computer, a small hosting company hosting websites, or one of Blizzard's giant servers, then the content is inaccessible. So you'd want to find a small hosting company, and pay for a hosting package. You'd remote onto another computer (so the server IP would be different) and run the server there.