The general idea is that the Nobel Prize is given to people who make outstanding contributions, in this case to physics. Once a year, the Nobel Prize committee decides who, in their opinion, is the most deserving in this respect.
Isidor Isaac Rabi won The Nobel Prize in Physics in 1944.
Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace
Marie Curie won the Nobel prize in both physics and chemistry.
No Noble prize in physics was awarded in 1916. If there is no work or advance deemed important by the Nobel Foundation, then there no prize is awarded. This was why no prize was awarded in 1916.
she won the Nobel prize for physics in 1903
Polykarp Kusch won The Nobel Prize in Physics in 1955.
Robert Hofstadter won The Nobel Prize in Physics in 1961.
Alfred Kastler won The Nobel Prize in Physics in 1966.
John Bardeen won The Nobel Prize in Physics in 1972.
Antony Hewish won The Nobel Prize in Physics in 1974.
Burton Richter won The Nobel Prize in Physics in 1976.
Carlo Rubbia won The Nobel Prize in Physics in 1984.