There is no such thing as a standard sundial.
For every different latitude (degrees north or south) the gnomon (the triangular shadow making bit) has to be cut differently.
If you live 30 degrees south, cut the gnomon to a 30 degree angle. Set up the sundial so the sharp end of the gnomon is pointing exactly North. The easiest way is to just twist the assembled sundial until it shows the right time.
If you want to be as accurate as possible you need to take longitude and time of year into consideration as well, but as most sundials are simply ornaments, that detail is not given.
It's generally assumed that the direction clock hands move is derived from the movement of the shadow around a sundial. In the southern hemisphere, that movement is opposite from that of the northern hemisphere. If clockmaking had developed in Australia so that they became dominant in that craft, it is likely that clocks would be running in the opposite direction.
sundial
The gnomon is the indicator on a sundial.
On a daily basis, Noon, or the solar equivalent of mid-day.On an annual basis it would depend on where you are.Since the earth tilts to a maximum of 23.44°, then if one above the latitude 23.44°, or below the latitude -23.44°, then it would be shortest at noon on the summer solstice (June in the northern hemisphere, December in the southern hemisphere).Between the latitudes -23.44° and 23.44°, there would be 2 days a year where the sun is directly overhead.
the importance of a sundial is for people to tell time.
It's generally assumed that the direction clock hands move is derived from the movement of the shadow around a sundial. In the southern hemisphere, that movement is opposite from that of the northern hemisphere. If clockmaking had developed in Australia so that they became dominant in that craft, it is likely that clocks would be running in the opposite direction.
Clocks developed in the Northern Hemisphere and most were designed to follow the same (clockwise) motion as appears on the earlier invention, the sundial. In the Northern Hemisphere, a horizontal sundial facing south will display the passage of time as motion west to east, as the Sun appears to move east to west.
An insightful question. In the northern hemisphere, the gnomon on a sundial will have its shadow travel around the face, and in a clockwise direction! In the southern Hemisphere the travel will be anticlockwise. But the Northern guys got there first, hence clockwise. [Likewise, the northern guys named their pole North, and that settled that issue!] Even arbitrary can sometimes have logic behind it.
To calculate standard time, subtract the equation of time from the sundial time, then subtract the longitude from the answer you get.
I have a sundial in the garden.The sundial were the earliest form of clocks.
Quite arbitrarily. But in the northern hemisphere, the shadow of a sundial will traverse clockwise. And this is probably the origin of the term and the common usage. [My speculation.]
sundial
He used a portable sundial.
The answer depends on what is wrog with the sundial.
The gnomon is the indicator on a sundial.
On a daily basis, Noon, or the solar equivalent of mid-day.On an annual basis it would depend on where you are.Since the earth tilts to a maximum of 23.44°, then if one above the latitude 23.44°, or below the latitude -23.44°, then it would be shortest at noon on the summer solstice (June in the northern hemisphere, December in the southern hemisphere).Between the latitudes -23.44° and 23.44°, there would be 2 days a year where the sun is directly overhead.
The vertical pointer on a sundial is the gnomon.