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In brief:

It could be done by measuring its pH level.

Descriptive:

There are a few ways to define an acid or a base: Arrhenius Defined acids and bases this way:

Arrhenius Acids form H+ in solution

Arrhenius Bases form OH- in solution

Bronsted and Lowry defined acids and bases this way:

Bronsted-Lowry Acids donate an H+ in solution

Bronsted-Lowry Bases accept an H+ in solution

OR in more general terms:

Lewis defined acids and bases this way:

Lewis Acids are defined as: Electron pair acceptors

Lewis Bases are defined as: Electron pair donors

As the user above me has already stated, you can also measure its pH. pH measures the concentration of Hydronium ions in a solution (H3O+) (it is NOT H+; H+ does not really exist by itself in this form). pH measurements range from 0 to 14 at the temperature of 298 K (25 centigrade).

IF:

pH < 7, it is acidic.

pH = 7, it is neutral; neither acidic nor basic

pH > 7, it is basic.

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