Very simple, call any licensed (master plumber) with a video camera and locater attached to the camera head and they will see the inside of the piping and the locater will pin point exactly where the piping is and also show any defects in the piping and changes of directions and connections
This is a heavy gauge polythene laid under the concrete to stop dampness rising upwards
Main function of the lean concrete is to provide the uniform surface to the foundation concrete and to prevent the direct contact of foundation concrete from the soil. Lean concrete is used under the foundations.
Under reinforced is that in which provided steel ratio is less than balanced steel ratio. Concrete beams are designed as under reinforced beams. The reason is that the failure start by yielding of steel instead of crushing of concrete. Mian Yaqoob
If the raft foundation is subject to a uniform load (Water & oil Tanks ..etc) u may not be required to reinforce the floor, only a plain concrete or even well compacted earth is sufficient provided it 'll transfere the load safely i.e giving a pressure less than the allowable bearing capacity of the underlying soil. Only peripheral or ring beams of reinforced concrete is required under the tank walls. If the raft is supporting colmns/walls, then it's subject to knife loads & got to be reinforced.
Yes. Water is actually needed for concrete to set and is vital to the curing process. Concrete will set just fine under water. Depending on your specific application (will all of the pour be under water or will it start under water and finish above the water line) you may need to adjust the initial dryness of the mix as well as take more care in the pour. All of the volume of the concrete that is under water shoudl be poured in continuous fashtion. If you must pour in steps, the start of the next pour must be "in" the old pour so as to not leave a water survice between the pours. This "seam" will tend to stay and produce a weaker stucture.
Guess - unlagged hot pipes under the floor. Or under-floor heating!!
Pipelines are built under the ocean with machines that have arms. These arms put the pipes into place on the ocean floor. Divers then weld the pipes together. The weight of the pipes will settle into place.
First of all what's on the floor and what's under the floor. Meaning is it a wooden floor or concrete. Etc
Highly sensitive listening gear while water flows through the pipe
get a plumber
The usual way to fix it is to run new pipes up in the attic and back down. There is no way to fix the pipe under the floor. This is for supply lines only, drains require busting out the floor. Epoxy coating can be done if breaking the floor is absolutely not an option. It is often more costly than a spot repair, and is rarely if ever covered by insurance, but does not require the breaking of the concrete. It is also a good option if the pipes are deteriorating and are likely to continue developing leaks. Rerouting is a good option if you are in a climate that is not likely to freeze.
To test a concrete floor for sufficient dryness before painting you should tape a two foot by two foot square of (clear) plastic film to the floor, wait 48 hours and see if the concrete is darker under the plastic or if any condensation has occurred on the underside of the plastic. If so then the floor is not dry enough. If no condensation or darkness, paint.
Underfloor heating is installed by putting heating pipes under your floor boards. This will require pulling up the old floor boards so its best to do this while already remodeling.
Your answer is available in your governing documents, where you will find the definition of what is owned in common.
The Roman public bathhouses were heated using a series of lead pipes that fed in hot water. The water was heated outside and run down through the pipes which made lots of steam to heat the bathhouses.
Vapor is another word for moisture. A vapor barrier is a sheet of plastic covering the entire surface under the floor to prevent moisture from causing the floor to warp or absorb stains. You would typically use a vapor barrier in basements with concrete floors.
A lift requires a footing under it, so if the floor already exists, you're screwed.