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In most cases, you can locate the carburetor screws in the front of the carburetor. Sometimes you have to remove the air gilter to get to to the carburetor.
Ther will be a H imprinted on the carburetor body next to the adjuster screws.
Two turns is usually a start for two cycle carbs. Then adjust after warmed up.
Your bolts are too tight on the carburetor...over time, the carb is going to split because it's just aluminum.
The only adjustment you should attempt is the idle adjustment which can be turned clockwise or counter clockwise. You must let the cycle completely warm up before adjusting. All other adjustments should be made by a qualified cycle mechanic. The idle adjuster should be on the left side.
The intake valve is not closed deep enough into the valve seat due to being too long and crankcase pressure is allowing some oil from the engine to be sucked up the valve guide into the combustion area and the 4 cycle process allows some of the oil to be pushed into the intake cycle and thus gets into the carburetor intake area and then into the exhaust system as the engine completes the cycle. Can also be caused by the mower turning over or when the engine oil level too high.
A diagram can be found in the related links.
4-cycle
If the engine has an oil sump and an oil filler spout, it is a 4-cycle engine. On a 2-cycle engine, oil must be added to the fuel.
If the fuel mixes with the oil it is because the engine is a 2 cycle engine rather than a 4 cycle engine. A 2 cycle engine has no oil reservoir and the engine is lubricated by the oil mixed with the gasoline. Without that oil in the fuel the engine would be destroyed. Now if you are saying that you have a 4 cycle engine and the fuel is getting into the oil reservoir, then I would suspect that the needle valve and seat are defective in the carburetor which is allowing fuel to flow into the intake while the engine is not running. This fuel will flow down into the combustion chamber and eventually end up in the oil pan. The float may also be sticking causing the same thing. Make sure to turn the fuel supply off when the engine is not running.
have a look at the engine if it has a camshaft then its a four stroke, also two strokes have a separate oil bottle for oil.. what make and model is it, Google it to find out more.. You can also tell just by listening to it run. 2 cycle has a distinctive higher pitched "Wing-Ding-Ding" noise versus a 4 cycle that has a "Rum-Dum-Dum" noise. The Carburetor on a 2 cycle would be attached to the crank case, lower part of the engine. 4 Cycle Carbs are usually attached to the top of the engine.
There are two fuel lines that come out of the fuel tank - one with a filter at the end and one without. The line without the filter goes to the IN port of the prime bulb and continues from the OUT port to the top of the carburetor. The line with the filter goes from the fuel tank to the bottom of the carburetor.