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KH2PO4=136

weigh 68g dissolve in 1 liter of water

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Q: How do you make 0.5 M potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate?
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If it takes 11 ounces of chemical in 10 gallons of water to make a finished dilution of 05 How many ounces of chemical would it take to make 100 gallons of finished dilution at 05?

110


Hypokalemia?

DefinitionHypokalemia is a lower-than-normal amount of potassium in the blood.Alternative NamesPotassium - low; Low blood potassiumCauses, incidence, and risk factorsPotassium is needed for cells, especially nerve and muscle cells, to function properly. You get potassium through food. The kidneys remove excess potassium in the urine to keep a proper balance of the mineral in the body.Hypokalemia is a metabolic disorder that occurs when the level of potassium in the blood drops too low.Possible causes of hypokalemia include:Certain antibiotics (carbenicillin, gentamicin, amphotericin B)Certain drugs, called diuretics, that can cause excess urinationDiarrhea (including the use of too many laxatives, which can cause diarrhea)Diseases that affect the kidney's ability to retain potassium (for example, Liddle syndrome, Cushing syndrome, hyperaldosteronism, Bartter syndrome, Fanconi syndrome)Eating disorders (such as bulimia)Eating large amounts of licorice or using products such as herbal teas and chewing tobaccos that contain licorice made with glycyrrhetinic acid (this substance is no longer used in licorice made in the United States)SweatingVomitingSymptomsA small drop in potassium usually doesn't cause symptoms. However, a big drop in the level can be life threatening.Symptoms of hypokalemia include:Abnormal heart rhythms (dysrhythmias), especially in people with heart diseaseBreakdown of muscle fibers (rhabdomyolysis)ConstipationFatigueMuscle weakness or spasmsParalysis (which can include the lungs)Signs and testsYour health care provider will take a sample of your blood to check potassium levels.Other tests might include:Arterial blood gasBUN and creatininelevelElectrocardiogramBlood tests to checkglucose, magnesium, calcium, sodium, phosphorous, thyroxine, and aldosterone levelsTreatmentMild hypokalemia can be treated by taking potassium supplements by mouth. Persons with more severe cases may need to get potassium through a vein (intravenously).If you need to use diuretics, your doctor may switch you to a form that keeps potassium in the body (such as triamterene, amiloride, or spironolactone).One type of hypokalemia that causes paralysis occurs when there is too much thyroid hormone in the blood (thyrotoxic periodic paralysis). Treatment lowers the thyroid hormone level, and raises the potassium level in the blood.Expectations (prognosis)Taking potassium supplements can usually correct the problem. In severe cases, without proper treatment, a severe drop in potassium levels can lead to death.ComplicationsIn severe cases, patients can develop paralysis that can be life threatening. Hypokalemia also can lead to dangerous irregular heartbeat. Over time, lack of potassium can lead to kidney damage (hypokalemic nephropathy).Calling your health care providerCall your health care provider if you have been vomiting or have had excessive diarrhea, or if you are taking diuretics and have symptoms of hypokalemia.PreventionEating a diet rich in potassium can help prevent hypokalemia. Foods high in potassium include:BananasBranBrussels sproutsGranolaKiwiLima beansMilkOrangesPeachesPeanut butterPeas and beansTomatoesReferencesSeifter JL. Potassium disorders. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 118.Schaefer TJ, Wolford RW. Disorders of potassium. Emerg Med Clin North Am. August 2005;23:723-747.Lafrance JP, Leblanc M. Metabolic, electrolytes, and nutritional concerns in critical illness. Crit Care Clin. April 2005;21:305-327.Fukagawa M, Kurokawa K, Papadakis M. Fluid and electrolyte disorders. In Gonzales R, Ziegler R, eds. Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2007. New York, NY:McGraw-Hill, 2006.


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