Pull the codes from the computer, match the code to the troubleshooting procedure, follow the procedure to find the source. Repair the source, light will go out if that was the only problem. There are "monitors" or self test the computer runs the car through, if a problem occurs, it may not run all of the self tests until that problem is taken care. Therefore, another problem may exist. It is emission related.
On some vehicles, (including 88-> Ford products) the 'Check Engine' light is timed to come on at around 60k miles, even if there are no problems. It's part of a maintenance scheduling system. There is often a microswitch which will allow the light to be reset, but the placement and operation of that switch varies by vehicle make and model. A technician at a smog inspection station tried to set me up for a $500 triple oxygen sensor replacement job because of that light.
A flashing check engine light is an indication of a severe engine misfire.
It is important to make sure the check engine light is not on when having a car inspected. A person can reset the check engine light by clearing the codes that are causing the light to go on.
No, only a problem that effects emissions will set the check engine light.
Yes
Cold weather can make your check engine light come on for various reasons. It could be caused by low fluids or a sensor.
Yes, that is one of hundreds of possibilities for the check engine light.
Air gets in the fule pump and might account for the Check engine light. When you pump gas be sure to twist the cap at least three times to make sure it is tight. To make it go away, you can try adding more gas and then making the cap tight.
Yes
yes
There are pages and pages of things that can cause a check engine light. Have the code checked with a scanner.
NO it does not. The check engine light comes on when the ECU detects a problem with the emissions system and has nothing whatsoever to do with the outside temperature.
Depending on the vehicle the check engine light would illuminate.