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Actually, these rules don't have so much to do with the same column as the same metal/nonmetal grouping on the periodic table.

If they are both nonmetals, then you use numeric prefixes on each element or chemical group that is involved, because the number of oxidation states often varies, and the name needs to explicitly state what the chemical bonding is:

- PO4 - phosphorus tetroxide

- P2O5 - diphosphorus pentoxide

If you have a metal and a nonmetal, then you just specify the metal (if it is a transition metal, with multiple oxidation states, then specify the oxidation number) and the nonmetal with "-ide" suffix:

- NaCl - sodium chloride

- Cu(OH)2 - copper (II) hydroxide

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Q: How do you name a compound when the elements are in the same column in the periodic table?
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