iPod apps are made to play on an iPod and will not play on a computer.
As long as your computer has itunes that is authorised on the same itunes account as your iphone, then it will automatically transfer all your iphone apps onto the computer
no
You can get free apps without a computer for iOS 6 or 7, however you can not get paid apps for free.
with the ipod plugged to your computer open itunes and go to File/transfer purchases even if the apps you have are free
Connect your iPod to your computer and sync it.
itunes will back up your apps when you sync your iPhone if the computer is authorized (store-authorize computer in itunes).
Men
check for available downloads or download them individually
Apps is actually an abbreviation of the word applications. So the people who created "apps" were the same people who created computer programs.
no because you need a laptop or a computer to download the apps
If you have iTunes for Windows and have iOS apps saved on your Windows computer, you cannot actually use the apps in any way on the computer. The one exception would be if you jailbreak, you can be able to use anything on your iPhone's display on your computer. I am not sure how that works, but I know it is possible.