To prepare a 1.25 M solution of sodium citrate, dissolve 294.1 grams of sodium citrate dihydrate powder in 1 liter of water. Mix well until the powder is completely dissolved. Adjust the volume if necessary to reach exactly 1 liter.
To prepare 0.1 M sodium acetate, you will need to weigh out the appropriate amount of sodium acetate trihydrate or anhydrous sodium acetate based on the molarity you desire. Dissolve this in a specific volume of water, typically in a volumetric flask, and then make up the final volume to the desired concentration. Stir well to ensure complete dissolution.
To prepare 0.01 M sodium phosphate solution, dissolve the calculated amount of sodium phosphate dibasic (Na2HPO4) in distilled water. Use a balance to measure the required mass based on the molecular weight of Na2HPO4 and make up the volume to the desired concentration of 0.01 M. Always wear appropriate safety gear and handle chemicals carefully.
To prepare a 0.01 M sodium borate buffer, dissolve the appropriate amount of sodium borate (Na2B4O7) in water to make a 0.01 M solution. Adjust the pH to your desired range by adding a strong acid (such as hydrochloric acid) or a strong base (such as sodium hydroxide). Ensure the final volume of the solution is accurate by adding or diluting with water as needed.
------Headings-------- pH Total conc. (M) Conjugate Base Conc. Conjugate Acid Conc. Conjugate Base Conjugate Acid -------------------------- 1.0 0.2 0.00141 0.19859 Dihydrogen Citrate Citric Acid 1.5 0.2 0.00438 0.19562 Dihydrogen Citrate Citric Acid 2.0 0.2 0.01322 0.18678 Dihydrogen Citrate Citric Acid 2.5 0.2 0.03658 0.16342 Dihydrogen Citrate Citric Acid 3.0 0.2 0.08290 0.11710 Dihydrogen Citrate Citric Acid 3.5 0.2 0.13825 0.06175 Dihydrogen Citrate Citric Acid 4.0 0.2 0.02903 0.17097 Hydrogen Citrate Dihydrogen Citrate 4.5 0.2 0.06988 0.13012 Hydrogen Citrate Dihydrogen Citrate 5.0 0.2 0.12588 0.07412 Hydrogen Citrate Dihydrogen Citrate 5.5 0.2 0.16860 0.03140 Hydrogen Citrate Dihydrogen Citrate 6.0 0.2 0.05695 0.14305 Citrate Hydrogen Citrate 6.5 0.2 0.11146 0.08854 Citrate Hydrogen Citrate 7.0 0.2 0.15985 0.04015 Citrate Hydrogen Citrate Since citric acid has three pKa's (3.15, 4.77, 6.40), , the one closest to each desired pH should be used to make the buffer. For example, if a pH 4.9 buffer is desired, the second pKa should be used and the conjugate acid/base pair for this pKa is dihydrogen citrate and hydrogen citrate. Each of these conjugate acid/base concentrations can be multiplied by the overall volume desired to get the desired volume. However, if not all four compounds are readily available (which is quite common), each one can be generated with acid/base chemistry. For example, if only 1.0 M citric acid is available and 100 ml of 0.2 M pH 7.0 buffer is required, 0.2*0.100/1.0 = 0.02 L or 20 ml of citric acid should be used and (0.15985*3+0.04015*2) *0.100/1.0= 0.055985 L or 55.985 ml of 1.0 NaOH should be added to the citric acid to make the required amount of citrate and hydrogen citrate. This makes up for 75.985 ml and the rest 24.015 ml should be topped up with distilled water.
The following table is extracted from the Internet:* For pH=3: mix 982,3 mL 0,1 M acetic acid with 17,7 mL 0,1 M sodium acetate* For pH=4: mix 847,0 mL 0,1 M acetic acid with 153 mL 0,1 M sodium acetate* For pH=5: mix 357 mL 0,1 M acetic acid with 643 mL 0,1 M sodium acetate* For pH=3: mix 52,2 mL 0,1 M acetic acid with 947,8 mL 0,1 M sodium acetate
The answer is 0,1648 g NaCl.
To prepare 0.1 M sodium acetate, you will need to weigh out the appropriate amount of sodium acetate trihydrate or anhydrous sodium acetate based on the molarity you desire. Dissolve this in a specific volume of water, typically in a volumetric flask, and then make up the final volume to the desired concentration. Stir well to ensure complete dissolution.
To prepare 0.01 M sodium phosphate solution, dissolve the calculated amount of sodium phosphate dibasic (Na2HPO4) in distilled water. Use a balance to measure the required mass based on the molecular weight of Na2HPO4 and make up the volume to the desired concentration of 0.01 M. Always wear appropriate safety gear and handle chemicals carefully.
To prepare a 0.38 M sodium acetate solution, you would need to dissolve the appropriate amount of sodium acetate trihydrate (CH₃COONa·3H₂O) in water. For example, to make 100 mL of a 0.38 M solution, you would dissolve 2.96 grams of sodium acetate trihydrate in sufficient water to make 100 mL. Ensure complete dissolution before use.
Dissolve 1,42 g of anhydrous, for analysis sodium sulfate in 1 L demineralized water at 20 oC, in a volumetric flask.
Yes, Morganella morganii is positive for citrate utilization. This bacterium can use citrate as a carbon source for growth and will produce alkaline byproducts, causing a color change in the citrate test medium from green to blue.
To prepare a 0.01 M sodium borate buffer, dissolve the appropriate amount of sodium borate (Na2B4O7) in water to make a 0.01 M solution. Adjust the pH to your desired range by adding a strong acid (such as hydrochloric acid) or a strong base (such as sodium hydroxide). Ensure the final volume of the solution is accurate by adding or diluting with water as needed.
------Headings-------- pH Total conc. (M) Conjugate Base Conc. Conjugate Acid Conc. Conjugate Base Conjugate Acid -------------------------- 1.0 0.2 0.00141 0.19859 Dihydrogen Citrate Citric Acid 1.5 0.2 0.00438 0.19562 Dihydrogen Citrate Citric Acid 2.0 0.2 0.01322 0.18678 Dihydrogen Citrate Citric Acid 2.5 0.2 0.03658 0.16342 Dihydrogen Citrate Citric Acid 3.0 0.2 0.08290 0.11710 Dihydrogen Citrate Citric Acid 3.5 0.2 0.13825 0.06175 Dihydrogen Citrate Citric Acid 4.0 0.2 0.02903 0.17097 Hydrogen Citrate Dihydrogen Citrate 4.5 0.2 0.06988 0.13012 Hydrogen Citrate Dihydrogen Citrate 5.0 0.2 0.12588 0.07412 Hydrogen Citrate Dihydrogen Citrate 5.5 0.2 0.16860 0.03140 Hydrogen Citrate Dihydrogen Citrate 6.0 0.2 0.05695 0.14305 Citrate Hydrogen Citrate 6.5 0.2 0.11146 0.08854 Citrate Hydrogen Citrate 7.0 0.2 0.15985 0.04015 Citrate Hydrogen Citrate Since citric acid has three pKa's (3.15, 4.77, 6.40), , the one closest to each desired pH should be used to make the buffer. For example, if a pH 4.9 buffer is desired, the second pKa should be used and the conjugate acid/base pair for this pKa is dihydrogen citrate and hydrogen citrate. Each of these conjugate acid/base concentrations can be multiplied by the overall volume desired to get the desired volume. However, if not all four compounds are readily available (which is quite common), each one can be generated with acid/base chemistry. For example, if only 1.0 M citric acid is available and 100 ml of 0.2 M pH 7.0 buffer is required, 0.2*0.100/1.0 = 0.02 L or 20 ml of citric acid should be used and (0.15985*3+0.04015*2) *0.100/1.0= 0.055985 L or 55.985 ml of 1.0 NaOH should be added to the citric acid to make the required amount of citrate and hydrogen citrate. This makes up for 75.985 ml and the rest 24.015 ml should be topped up with distilled water.
The molar mass of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is approximately 40 g/mol. To prepare a 0.10 M solution in 100 mL, you would need 1.0 g of NaOH. This can be calculated using the formula: mass (g) = molarity (M) x volume (L) x molar mass (g/mol).
The following table is extracted from the Internet:* For pH=3: mix 982,3 mL 0,1 M acetic acid with 17,7 mL 0,1 M sodium acetate* For pH=4: mix 847,0 mL 0,1 M acetic acid with 153 mL 0,1 M sodium acetate* For pH=5: mix 357 mL 0,1 M acetic acid with 643 mL 0,1 M sodium acetate* For pH=3: mix 52,2 mL 0,1 M acetic acid with 947,8 mL 0,1 M sodium acetate
125 m in two significant figures is: 120 m
Preparation0.1MCitrate Buffer1. Add approximately 50 mL of distilled water to a100ml volumetric flask on a magnetic stirrer.2. Add and dissolve 1.4705gm of Sodium citrate.3. Then with the help of Citric Acid maintain the pH of the solution upto 4.5.