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I don't know if this is what you mean but, you know phosphorus will have an oxidation number of -3 because it has 5 valance electrons. For phosphorus to become stable it needs to gain 3 electrons. This adds 3 negative charges to it and gives it the -3 charge.

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Q: How do you prove the oxidation number of P is -3?
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Why is the oxidation number of PO4 3?

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