It might not download because your bin file is corrupt. To fix this go to your .minecraft folder and delete the bin file in it. If you don't know how to get to your .minecraft all you need to do is run "run" (in your start menu) and type inand then find your .minecraft file.
No unless you have an corrupted file
No, unless you save a world on your computer files
Download it off the minecraft forums. Then drag everything in the file into the minecraft jar on winrar, or 7zip.
Copy the minecraft worlds from the file explorer
To play minecraft simply double left click the downloaded .exe file
Minecraft is a program. Just open the Minecraft.exe file, and it will start by itself.
Go to minecraft.net and look under the picture of steve and you will see download if you click on that you will see the minecraft file and the server file.
Download the .jar file and then replace that one with the one in your .minecraft directory at \C:\*User*\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\bin
Delete the minecraft.jar file in the BIN folder in the .minecraft folder. Then run Minecraft again. It should download the most recent version.
It's probably outdated. When Minecraft updates, all the mods need to be updated also.Make sure they are still a .zip file when you put them in the Textures file. And did you select it when you logged into Minecraft?
It is illegal to share Mojang property (the minecraft file) on the internet under any circumstances. You must download it yourself.