With an OBD2 scan tool.
no
On Board Diagnostic ( two ) I believe the first model year was ( 1996 )
Under dash driver side.
your not giving year ,but should be OBD11 unless 1996 or earlier.There is offered software that plugs into laptop with special harness, but it is pricy, recommend you get OBD11 tester from say Autozone,on sale $ 59.00 to $329.00.
A 1990 Ford Ranger is OBD I / EEC IV - if that's what you are asking
Not compatible as different types of diagnostic plugs are fitted
Depends on the year - earlier models will reset just by disconnecting the battery From 1995 onwards you will need to use an "OBD11" reader which inserts into a socket/plug located under the driver side instrument panel.. You can then run through the test sequence and display the fault code/s . Then you can reset. You can find a reader at many auto part stores. They can range in price from inexpensive to very expensive. You should check at Harbor Freight stores if you have one. they sell an inexpensive model that will do the trick.
Yes they are stored in the memory of ECU unless the are erased by a code reader.
Trouble code P0001 means: Fuel volume regulator control circuit open
Should be one. OBD2 didn't start in any models as far as I know until 94.
Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) Circuit Low Voltage Bank 1, Sencor 2