No.
No, you cannot.
Can I shoot 380acp caliber out of my 32 pistol?
Yes.
500 m or so IIRC
If you shoot enough of them you get the punisher handgun for free from the merchant.
Yes you can. The bore is the same size.
Single shot 50 BMG Yes, that would work. You can shoot one with whatever handgun you wish to use. Just be sure you can run faster than whichever bear you pick to shoot if you pick a caliber that does not kill it.
Yes, a .44 caliber Derringer I believe.
It depends on the model, but most handguns are meant for short to medium range conflict.
DO NOT ATTEMPT THIS!!. Never fire ammunition in a weapon that it is not chambered for.
The best gun for any application is the one that you fits your hand properly and that you can shoot accurately.