A user may switch their identities when logged in using the 'su' command. On some systems the 'su' command may be restricted.
Different shells are not required in Unix; they happen to be available to users to switch to if they wish. Different shells have different environments, depending on what type of user you are. Some users prefer one shell environment over another but it is merely personal choice, not a requirement.
Unix work is performed by users of the unix system, for application and system programs, or anything that requires a Unix system.
Yes, quite a bit of companies and users use unix.
There are many ways to do this, but the fastest and easiest is to use the 'uptime' command, which will tell you in a summary line how many users are logged in.
This includes the presence of a switch or option - in this case the 'a' option. Every command in Unix is free to interpret what they means differently as there is no universal meaning for this switch.
Unix has the following categories of users: Superuser - root account, can do anything on the system ordinary user - has no special privileges restricted user - is restricted in what they can do in the shell and programs they can run.
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In general Linux has no restrictions on the number of users in a server. Commercial Unix vendors vary in what they allow by licensing, so it depends on the vendor.
It would take a very long time to learn all of the Unix commands, and frankly, that isn't necessary. Most Unix users have a subset of commands they use all the time, and that is how they learn them.
The 'uptime' command will tell you exactly how many users are on the system. There are other variations of this, including counting the number of words from the 'users' command, etc., but this is the easiest.
Nobody. There's been no serious usage of System III in decades.
Unix is not an abbreviation. The name is a play on the Multics operating system. Multics (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service) supported multiple users; Unix originally supported only one, making it essentially a single user version of Multics.