The alternator is here to give power to / recharge the battery while the engine is running.
the alternator, when wired correctly isn't charging with the engine running, then you can tell it is not working anymore.
how to know : ideally you'll need a volt meter to controle voltage on the battery +/- plug while engine is doing ~1200rev.
bit more elaborated : follow the + cable from the battery to the alternator connection, then with the engine running mesure voltage between the alternator connection and any negative ( - ) spot that you are 100% sure of (i.e. the head of a bolt screw onto the car)
a good alternator will give you a reading around 14 for a 12V system (most popular)
What happen when the alternator is not working properly : Your battery keeps on diying.
In most cases if it is an alternator then it has an internal regulator
Take the battery to a parts store so they can test it.... Actually you need to test both the battery and the alternator because if your alternator is not functioning correctly it can drain the battery of power... so just testing the battery may only tell you that you have a drained battery and not reveal the cause... This testing can be done using an Auto meter which tests the battery and also does an alternator load test...If you do not have a tester you can rent one from an auto parts store,or you can remove the alternator and take it to the auto parts store and have it bench tested along with the battery...usually for free...
How to Tell If Your Car Alternator Is Bad Check related link below…
A quick way to tell if there might be a problem with an alternator is to remove the positive side battery cable from the battery while the vehicle is idling. If the engine dies, odds are there is an alternator problem.
Any auto parts store where you will go to buy a new alternator can tell you what you need.
Seized should mean that it's not turning. Crank the engine and see if the alternator pulley spins or not.
The alternator lives low on the passenger side rear of the engine. Repair and adjustment done from underneath
Something to do with the alternator.
you could pull off your positive battery cable if it stalls out then you alternator is the problem
Have a shop load test the battery.
Connect a voltmeter to the alternator and start the engine. An automotive alternator should read aprox 14.5 Volts when it's running and the battery is fully charged.
It is possible that the alternator caused damage to the PCM. Best to have diagnostics done on the car to see if and where the problems are.