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If you can crank the engine over by turning the key:

First connect a voltmeter and an ammeter. Then disable the ignition. Note the voltage and amp draw of the starter while cranking. If voltage is too low or amperage too high (check service manual for specifications) it is bad. Otherwise, remove those meters and use an oscilloscope to look for any irregularities in the waveform. If any irregularities exist, the starter is bad. Otherwise, it is probably good.

If you cannot crank the engine:

Check for BatteryV- at the body of the starter, BatteryV+ at the big wire to the starter and (only while turning key to crank) BatteryV+ at the small wire to the starter. If one or more of these is not present, correct this problem before continuing testing of the starter. Now check that the starter makes some sound (at least a click) while turning key to crank If not, starter solenoid (part of starter) is bad. Otherwise, remove starter from engine but leave electrical connections in place. Turn key to crank. If it doesn't crank, starter is bad, otherwise starter cranks and proceed to testing as if you can crank the engine by turning the key as described above.

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Q: How do you test 1993 grand am starter?
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