The alternator must be running to test without disassembly. If you remove it, many auto part stores will test at no charge. One test is a voltage test. Start the engine and use a multimeter to check the voltage at the battery. It should read between 13.5 and 16 volts. Any less or more and the alternator is bad.
Full fielding is a diagnostic test of the alternator You make the alternator work full out and measure the voltage and amperage output to test it against a published specification.
Voltage flows from the alternator not to it. If it is outputting no voltage it is defective.
Easiest test is to use a voltmeter. Engine stopped , voltage about 12 volts Engine running, voltage about 14.7 volts.
formals to calculate exciation voltage of alternator
Output of the alternator is controlled by the voltage regulator.
Start the car and rev it to at least 1500RPMs. Use a voltmeter to test the voltage across the two battery terminals (under the back seat). If it tests out at around 13.8-14.5 volts the alternator is working. If it tests out at 12.6 volts or below the alternator isn't charging. If it tests out above 14.5 volts the alternator is charging, but the voltage regulator isn't working correctly.
Yes the voltage regulator is inside the alternator.
The best way is to drive it to your nearest auto parts store and have it tested. You can test it somewhat yourself. Start the engine and use a volt meter to test the voltage that is being supplied by the alternator for the battery. If it is less than 13.5 volts the alternator is bad.
An alternator that is charging insufficiently won't necessarily damage a battery unless it is driven that way for a very long time. More often a failed voltage regulator ( internal in most modern alternators ) or a failed rectifier in the alternator will damage a battery. To test your alternator you will need a volt meter. Start the vehicle and test the voltage across the battery terminals. Put the positive lead of your meter to the positive terminal on the battery. The rate of charge ( reading on your volt meter ) should be 13 to 14 volts; if it is lower your alternator is insufficiently charging. Have a friend step on the gas and hold the motor at about 2000 rpms. Repeat the test on the battery; if the voltage reads above 14 volts your voltage regulator has failed. Testing rectification from your alternator requires an osciliscope. However, normally if the rectification diodes fail your alternator quits charging and you will have determined this with your first test.
A vehicle may not run if the battery cables are disconnected with or without a bad alternator. The best way to test an alternator is by voltage output when applying a load.
The voltage regulator is in the alternator on that model vehicle