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Marius was a leader of the populares, a political faction which championed the cause of the poor. He influenced later populares politicians, including Julius Caesar.
Sulla was a leader of the rival optimates, a conservative political faction which supported the interests of the aristocracy. He influenced later optimates politicians. However, this was tempered by the fact that Sulla executed thousands of his political opponents.
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How you think Marius and Sulla influenced later leaders?
Marius was a leader of the populares, a political faction which championed the cause of the poor. He influenced later populares politicians, including Julius Caesar. Sulla was a leader of the rival optimates, a conservative political faction which supported the interests of the aristocracy. He influenced later optimates politicians. However, this was tempered by the fact that Sulla executed thousands of his political opponents.
How do you think Marius and sulla influenced later roman leadersLucius Cornelius Sulla?
Gaius Marius was the leader of the populares, a political faction which championed the cause of the poor and wanted reforms to help the poor. Sulla was the leader of the optimates, a political faction which supported the interests of the aristocracy and was opposed to the reform. Marius became a heroic figure for later optimates and a model. When Sulla defeated Marius in his two civil wars against Marius he was appointed as dictator. This term had a different meaning for the Romans. The dictator was an extraordinary officer of state who was appointed at times of emergency with a term of six months. For Sulla, however, no time limit was given. He was given the task of reforming the Roman constitution and resigned after one year. During his dictatorship, Sulla persecuted his political enemies and executed thousands of them. This gave the office of the dictatorship a bad name and was seen as an example not to be repeated. It is thought that this influenced Caesar's famous leniency towards his enemies. During the Great Civil War which Caesar fought against the forces of the senate and the optimates, Caesar was in the habit of pardoning his enemies after victory. Caesar was eighteen during Sulla's persecutions. Sulla stripped Caesar of the priesthood he held at the time, his inheritance and dowry and wanted to force him to divorce his wife. Caesar fled Rome and returned only after Sulla's death. Therefore, it is thought that these events were the root of Caesar's clemency.
How did Sulla turn what he had learned from Marius against him?
What Sulla learned from Gaius Marius were military skills. Sulla served under Marius' generalship during his early military career. Sulla later turned against Marius and fought a civil war (Sulla's first civil war, 88-87 BC) against him and one (Sulla's second civil war, 82-81 BC) against Marius' supporters after Marius' death. Sulla was victorious partly due to loyalty of his legions and partly because he was a great general. Sulla's conflicts with Marius were due partly to personal rivalry and partly to political differences. In 88 BC Sulla was given the command for the First Mithridatic War, but Marius fancied commanding the troops in this war and plotted to have this command transferred to himself. Sulla marched on Rome with his troops, secured his command and left for the front of the war. Sulla belonged to the optimates, a conservative political faction which supported tradition and the interests of the aristocracy. Marius belonged to the populares, a political faction which supported reform in favour of the plight of the poor and opposed the optimantes. Marius used the support of the Populares to plot against Sulla and pursued policies which Sulla strongly opposed.
What happened in Rome after 88 BC?
88 BC was followed by three civil wars: · Sulla's first civil war (88-87 BC) fought between Lucius Cornelius Sulla's supporters and Gaius Marius' forces. Sulla won. · Sulla's second civil war (83-82 BC) fought between Sulla and Marius' supporters. Sulla won again. · The Sertorian War (80-72 BC) fought between Rome (led by Sulla) and the provinces of Hispania under the leadership of Quintus Sertorius, a supporter of Gaius Marius. Sulla won. In 88 BC Lucius Cornelius Sulla was elected as consul together with Quintus Pompeius Rufus. Sulla was a leader of the optimates, a political faction which supported the interests of the aristocracy. He was supported by the senate because it was concerned about the power of Gaius Marius who had been consul for a record 6 times. Moreover, Marius was a leading figure of the rival populares, a political faction which championed the cause of the poor. As a consul, Sulla was given the command of the army for the First Mithridatic War against Mithridates VI, the king of Pontus (in northeastern Turkey). Marius allied with the plebeian tribune Publius Sulpicius Rufus to get the plebeian council to call for withdrawing Sulla's military command. Rufus also used the council to expel senators to deprive the senate of its quorum. Due to a senator-sponsored rebellion, violence broke out. This sparked Sulla's First Civil War 88-87 BC). Sulla marched on Rome and seized this. This was the first time that a Roman military commander had taken Rome by force. Rufus was betrayed by his slaves and was killed. Marius fled to Africa. In 87 BC Sulla left Rome to fight the First Mithridatic War. Marius plotted to become consul again. the consul Cinna led a revolt and fought Gnaeus Octavius, the other consul for the year and leader for the forces of the opimates. Marius returned to Rome with an army he had raised in Africa. The forces of Marius, Cinna and Quintus Sertorius (a hero of the Italian/social war) deposed Octavius and seized the city. Freedmen in Marius' army begun to kill Sulla's supporters until the more disciplined forces of Cinna and Sertorius put an end to this. Marius banned Sulla, had himself elected as commander in the east to take over in the Mithridatic War and had Cinna elected consul for 86 BC. However, Marius died two weeks later. This situation led to Sulla's Second Civil War (83-82 BC). In 83 BC, having won the Mithridatic War, Sulla returned to Italy and planned to march on Rome again. He gathered many supporters and led his army towards Rome, while one of his supporter, Metellus, marched towards northern Italy. Historian calls Sulla's opponents in this war the Marians. They were led by the consuls of the year, Carbo and Gaius Marius the Younger, Marius' son. Sulla defeated the Marian forces in a battle and then besieged them at Praeneste (south of Rome). The Marians arranged killing of Sulla's supporters in Rome. Sulla marched on Rome and took it without resistance. He then marched to Umbria, in central Italy, where he won more battles. Meanwhile Metellus defeated the Marian forces at Placentia in northern Italy. There was a final showdown at Rome's Colline Gate, which Sulla won. Sulla was appointed dictator. This was an extraordinary office of state which had extraordinary powers and was appointed in times of emergency by a senatorial decree which established the mandate of the dictator. The term of this office was normally 6 months, but Sulla was appointed for one year. His mandate was to make new laws and to reform the constitution. Some of his measures were designed to strengthen the power of the senate and the senators, the aristocracy and the conservative forces and to weaken the power of the plebeian tribunes, the representatives of the poor. He also persecuted his political opponents. He had an estimated 9,000 people executed or murdered and confiscated their property. In 80 BC Quintus Sertorius started an eight-year long resistance campaign against the optimates in Spain which has been called by historians the Sertonian War (80-72 BC).
What did Gaius Marius do politically for Rome ( besides military reform )?
Marius fought several wars. He led the Romans in the Jugurthine War against Jugurtha, a usurper king of Numidia (in present day Algeria). He fought in the later stages of the Cimbrian War and defeated the Cimbri and the Teutones. These two migrating Germanic peoples had routed the Roman army once in Noricum (in present day Austria) and three times in Gaul. Tens of thousands of Roman soldier were killed. Marius defeated the Teutones and their allies, the Ambones, at the Battle of Aquae Sextiae (in Gaul). The Teutones and the Ambrones were virtually wiped out. He then defeated the Cimbri who were marching into Italy at the Battle of Vercellae (in Italy). He was also one of the Roman commanders in the War of the Allies (or Social War) in which Rome's Italian allies rebelled and fought against her.Marius fought two civil wars against another Roman general, Lucius Cornelius Sula (they are called Sulla's First Civil War, and Sulla's Second Civil War). In the first occasion, Sulla was a consul and was assigned to lead the army in a war in the East. Marius persuaded, Suplicius, a plebeian tribune, to revoke the senate's assignment of command to Sulla. Suplicius also tried to get the assembly to expel senators until there were not enough senators to form a quorum in the senate. An attempt by thugs hired by the senators to kill Suplicius was foiled. Riots broke out in the city. Sulla fled Rome levied loyal troops and marched on Rome. This was unprecedented. Roman religion forbade bearing weapons inside the city walls. Sulla's senatorial officers refused to enter the city. Marius' supporters organised a force of gladiators to put up resistance, but Sulla's soldiers defeated them. Marius fled to Africa. When Sulla left to fight the war in the East, Marius returned to Rome. Together with his son and Cinna he seized control of Rome from Sulla's supporters and their leaders were killed. Marius declared Sulla's reforms invalid, had Cinna elected as consul and himself as commander of the war in the East. However, Marius died two week later and Cinna became in sole control in Rome. Sulla returned to Rome with his troops and surrounded the city. The people opened the gates and Sulla took the city without a fight.Marius and Sulla were leaders of the pulularis and optimate factions respectively. The pupularis championed the cause of the poor and wanted reforms to help the poor. The optimates favoured the interests of the aristocracy and was opposed to the reforms. The conflict between these two factions continued and led to more civil wars and contributed to the fall of the Roman Republic. Marius was regarded as a hero by subsequent generations of the popularis.Marius was elected as consul in 107 BC (the year of his military reforms). The consuls were the two annually elected heads of the republic and the army. He was elected again for five consecutive years because of military emergencies.
What roles did Marius and Sulla play in the later days of the Republic?
Marius recruited non-landowners to get the numbers to oppose the incoming Germanic peoples, and with this strength also attempted to dominate the Republic, bringing on civil war. Sulla defeated him, and reset the republican order by an unprecedentedly extended period ruling as dictator to try to remove the rising power of generals who tried to dominate the republic. Imagining he had succeeded after two years, he relinquished the dictatorship and retired. The ambitious generals re-emerged and the civil wars re-erupted, temporarily countered by Julius Caesar, then stabilised by Augustus.
What are facts about sulla?
His full name was Lucius Cornelius Sulla FelixWas married four timesSulla was a Roman generalThree children and two grandchildrenHe killed anyone thought to be an enemy of the state, and was known as a butcher
When did the Roman Civil Wars begin?
Which one? The Romans had a series of civil wars. The first one was the ouster of the kings, then came the revolt of the plebeians resulting in the laws of the Twelve Tablets. The Gracchii stirred up quite a mess, Sulla and Marius went at it, Caesar and Pompey duked it out, and Antony and Octavian went at it not once, but twice, and let's not even mention the mess after Nero's death or the power hungry generals of the later empire.Which one? The Romans had a series of civil wars. The first one was the ouster of the kings, then came the revolt of the plebeians resulting in the laws of the Twelve Tablets. The Gracchii stirred up quite a mess, Sulla and Marius went at it, Caesar and Pompey duked it out, and Antony and Octavian went at it not once, but twice, and let's not even mention the mess after Nero's death or the power hungry generals of the later empire.Which one? The Romans had a series of civil wars. The first one was the ouster of the kings, then came the revolt of the plebeians resulting in the laws of the Twelve Tablets. The Gracchii stirred up quite a mess, Sulla and Marius went at it, Caesar and Pompey duked it out, and Antony and Octavian went at it not once, but twice, and let's not even mention the mess after Nero's death or the power hungry generals of the later empire.Which one? The Romans had a series of civil wars. The first one was the ouster of the kings, then came the revolt of the plebeians resulting in the laws of the Twelve Tablets. The Gracchii stirred up quite a mess, Sulla and Marius went at it, Caesar and Pompey duked it out, and Antony and Octavian went at it not once, but twice, and let's not even mention the mess after Nero's death or the power hungry generals of the later empire.Which one? The Romans had a series of civil wars. The first one was the ouster of the kings, then came the revolt of the plebeians resulting in the laws of the Twelve Tablets. The Gracchii stirred up quite a mess, Sulla and Marius went at it, Caesar and Pompey duked it out, and Antony and Octavian went at it not once, but twice, and let's not even mention the mess after Nero's death or the power hungry generals of the later empire.Which one? The Romans had a series of civil wars. The first one was the ouster of the kings, then came the revolt of the plebeians resulting in the laws of the Twelve Tablets. The Gracchii stirred up quite a mess, Sulla and Marius went at it, Caesar and Pompey duked it out, and Antony and Octavian went at it not once, but twice, and let's not even mention the mess after Nero's death or the power hungry generals of the later empire.Which one? The Romans had a series of civil wars. The first one was the ouster of the kings, then came the revolt of the plebeians resulting in the laws of the Twelve Tablets. The Gracchii stirred up quite a mess, Sulla and Marius went at it, Caesar and Pompey duked it out, and Antony and Octavian went at it not once, but twice, and let's not even mention the mess after Nero's death or the power hungry generals of the later empire.Which one? The Romans had a series of civil wars. The first one was the ouster of the kings, then came the revolt of the plebeians resulting in the laws of the Twelve Tablets. The Gracchii stirred up quite a mess, Sulla and Marius went at it, Caesar and Pompey duked it out, and Antony and Octavian went at it not once, but twice, and let's not even mention the mess after Nero's death or the power hungry generals of the later empire.Which one? The Romans had a series of civil wars. The first one was the ouster of the kings, then came the revolt of the plebeians resulting in the laws of the Twelve Tablets. The Gracchii stirred up quite a mess, Sulla and Marius went at it, Caesar and Pompey duked it out, and Antony and Octavian went at it not once, but twice, and let's not even mention the mess after Nero's death or the power hungry generals of the later empire.
When was the Roman civil war?
It was a series of breakdowns in society, beginning with the assassination of Tiberius Gracchus in 133 BCE and then his brother Gaius, stretching through the Marius-Sulla confrontation, the Lepidus revolt, the Caesar-Pompey contest, the Octavian-assassins of Caesar shootout, and culminating in 31 BCE in Octavian's (later Augustus) defeat of Marc Antony.
How did Sulla change the role Roman armies would pay in politics and the future?
Sulla mobilised the armies under his command to fight two civil wars against Gaius Marius. Therefore, he initiated the use of or levy of troops to fight civil wars (there were more civil wars later). Sulla was also the first man who entered the city of Rome with soldiers, despite Roman ancestral custom forbidding the bearing of arms within the city wall. His senatorial officers refused to enter the city with him. Later, Crassus and Pompey also used the threat of military violence to get what they wanted. They encamped their armies outside Rome to have themselves elected as consuls (the two annually elected heads of the Roman Republic). Pompey was not even eligible to this office.
What was Rome like after Sulla?
Sulla was appointed dictator with the task of reforming the Roman constitution. Most of his reforms endured, but the ones which were aimed against the plebeian tribunes were later repealed. Politically, the division between optimates and populares persisted. Sulla had fought two civil wars against Gaius Marius. Part of the conflict was about the command of a war in Asia, which Sulla had been assigned, but Marius wanted for himself. The conflict also included the rift between populares and optimates. The former was a political faction which championed the cause of the poor and wanted reforms which would help them. The latter was a conservative faction which favoured the aristocracy and was opposed to these reforms. Sulla was an optimate and had thousands of his political opponents executed or murdered. However, this did not stop the populares who remained strong. Later there were more civil wars between these two factions. Sulla's constitutional reforms were wide ranging. He increased the number of elected officers of state and gave the quaestors (treasurers and junior officers of state) automatic membership in the senate on expiry of their office. This doubled the size of the senate from 300 to 600 (previously only former higher officers of state, consuls. praetors and censors had automatic membership in the senate). It also ended one of the roles of the censors, the drawing up of a list of men eligible to membership of the senate because as all officers of state automatically became senators, this was no longer needed. Sulla also decreed that consuls and praetors were to serve as governors of the provinces for a year when they left office. He transferred d the hearing of appeal cases from the assembly of the soldiers and the assembly of the tribes to a new jury courts (the quaestiones perpetuae). This measure was aimed at strengthening the position of the patricians. These juries were controlled by the patricians. He institutionalised the cursus honorum, the career path for public office, and set minimum ages for access to each of the offices of state. He reaffirmed a law that forbade re-election of the officers of state for ten years. Sulla's measures to break the power of the plebeian tribunes, the representatives of the plebeians (the commoners), were later repealed. The plebeian tribunes had become the main proposers of bills which were put to the vote of the Plebeian Council, the body which represented the plebeians. Sulla reformed this council in a way which deprived the plebeian tribunes of the power to propose legislation to it.
Which leader of the defending forces later became a national leader from Gallipoli?
Kemal Ataturk
