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You could put a vacuum gage on the engine and time it for peak vacuum. A timing light is still better.
An engine can be timed without a timing light by using the markings on the harmonic balancer. Each mark indicates 1 degree above or below top dead center.
There is no need or any way to "time" a 2.7L with a timing light.
If the timing chain has jumped time, the vehicle will run rough or not at all. You will need to check the time with a timing light to see if it is off.
No.
In a jam without a timing light or a vacuum gauge for reference, I would advance the timing a little at a time and test drive the vehicle between adjustments until I heard the engine ping under load, then retard the timing just to the point the pinging stops.
Smithsonian World - 1984 Time and Light 1-1 was released on: USA: 6 October 1984 Japan: 9 June 1989
If the light on its time to renew the timing belt (t-belt)
You use a timing light to check the marks on the timing chain/belt.
Your question is too vague usually when someone says that their engine has jumped time that means that the timing chain has jumped on the timing sprockets. If that is the case you would need to change them. If the distributor is out of time to do it right you would need to have a timing light. You would need a repair manual for the specifications to fix both of them.
It just means shine a timing light on the crankshaft pulley and time the engine.
NO there is not. The timing on that engine is computer controlled and it REQUIRES an engine scanner to set the timing. A timing light will not work.