i want to Control Some External Hardware outside of my computer, I want to write program in VB language for LPT port.
Yes. In fact, this is the most common usage for a parallel port.
What_are_the_components_use_in_the_parallel_port
You cannot directly access the parallel port because the operating system is managing that device. Use the file system. The name of the parallel port is "lpt1:". Open that as an ordinary file for write, write to it, and you will be writing on the parallel port.
Neither. They use a video port, VGA, DVI, HDMI or Displayport.
Visual basic was made to help ease the development of Windows applications. With it's easy to use language and environment, anyone can learn visual basic in a matter of time.
dma channel
Yes. There are several devices that can provide a parallel port on a modern computer. They can be connected either through a USB port or through a PCI slot. When installed, they behave exactly as a real parallel port would work, and should allow you to use the printer (assuming you have drivers for it).
Parallel Port is one in which the entire data byte is transferred at once unlike bit by bit data transfer by a serial port. The parallel port first came into use in 1970s and were solely used for Printing purposes. However, currently they are rarely used.
The primary difference is that a USB interface type printer requires the computer to have a USB port (as all modern computers do) whereas a parallel interface type printer requires the computer to have a parallel (LPT) port (which many modern computers do not have.) There are USB-to-parallel converters however which plug into USB and allow the use of parallel printers. Additionally, many legacy applications only have support for parallel printers, in these cases, in order to use a USB printer it may be necessary to create a virtual parallel port and map the USB printer to it.
no comment
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You said Visual Studio 2010 but does it have the BASIC language.