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The active ingredients in Tylenol is acetaminophen (also known as paracetamol), for pain relief; and antipyretic, to reduce fevers. Acetaminophen is generally what is studied in organic chemistry classes, and what the rest of this answer will focus on.
Here are some data points on acetaminophen:
- Molecular Formula is C8H9NO2.
- Molecular Mass is 151.17 g/mol
- Density is 1.263 g/cm3
- Melting point is 169˚F or 336˚C
- Solubility in water is 12.78 mg/ml
- IUPAC name is N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanamide or N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide
Acetaminophen may be obtained by the amide hydrolysis of paracetamol. p-Aminophenol prepared this way, and related to the commercially available Metol, has been used as a developer in Photography by hobbyists. This reaction is also used to determine paracetamol in urine samples: After hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid, p-aminophenol reacts in ammonia solution with a phenol derivate, e.g. salicylic acid, to form an indophenol dye under oxidization by air.
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