Covalent bonds are formed by atoms sharing valence electrons.
Water is not a chemical itself. It is a chemical compound that is made of hydrogen and oxygen atoms covalently bonded together.
C8H9NO2 is a compound because it is made up of two or more different elements chemically bonded together. It is not a molecule by itself, but it can form molecules when its atoms are bonded in a specific arrangement.
One oxygen atom by itself is written as O. Molecular oxygen is a molecule of two oxygen atoms that are covalently bonded. The atoms both attain the stable octet configuration.
The NH4+ ion is covalently bonded within itself, it and the F- ion are ionically bonded.
A water molecule (formula H2O) consists of one oxygen atom covalently bonded (joined by sharing of electrons) to two hydrogen atoms. It has the shape of Mickey Mouse's head, with the hydrogens being the ears and the oxygen the head itself.
H2O (where the 2 is subscript). This represents 2 hydrogen atoms bonded covalently to one oxygen molecule. The molecule itself looks a little like Mickey Mouse's head.
Water is a polar covalent molecule. The partial charges in the molecule attract other charges, ionic or more partial charges from other covalent molecules and dissolves them. Nonpolar bonded molecules have no partial charges and the water molecules will attract each other thus not attracting the nonpolar and does not dissolve them.
Water is a compound composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom bonded together. The term "molecule water" is not commonly used, as water itself is a molecule made up of these atoms.
Sulfur and Oxygen are both non-metals so their chemical bond is a covalent one.
Sulfur hexafluoride is a compound composed of sulfur and fluorine elements. It is not an element itself, but rather a molecule made up of multiple atoms bonded together.
Bromine doesn't naturally react with itself. it has to made manufacturally in labs to create Br2. As bromine is found in salt just under the earths crust and has to attach itself to other atoms before being able to attach itself to another bromine atom, through a different atom, naturally.
The bond itself involve the sharing of electrons. Typical covalently bonded compounds are made up of molecules which may be small e.g. H2 or large, e.g. proteins.