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Normal house current is AC meaning it alternates on a wire first going one direction then the opposite. Standard AC is 60 hz meaning it does this 60 times per second. A diode allows current flow in one direction only. If you put a diode in an AC line, you will get pulses of current going only one direction on its backside because it refuses to conduct current in the opposite direction. Capacitive and inductive filters on the pulsing side of the diode smooth the current out so that it is no longer pulses going in one direction, it is a steady stream of electrons (DC).

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