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How does a disk defragmenter work?

Updated: 11/10/2022
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12y ago

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When a computer saves a file to disk, it looks for the first piece of unused space (not necessarily a space big enough to save the file !). On finding empty space, it attempts to save the whole file. If the space is too small, it saves as much of the file that will fit, then searches for some more space until it's saved the entire file.

This creates fragments of the file on the disk, which are linked by a 'tag' so the computer knows where each part of the file is. Having to search for fragments of a file can make a computer seem slow, as it has to wait for the hardware to find the pieces of the file before it can do anything with it.

A disk de-fragmenting program collects all the 'pieces' of each file, copies them to memory, erases them from the disk, then re-writes the whole file to disk in one single piece. Regular de-fragmenting speeds up the computer, by reducing the time it takes to find each file.

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Q: How does a disk defragmenter work?
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