This is a question where the specific form of monarchy is needed in order to give a useful answer. In an absolute monarchy, the citizens have no voice. In a constitutional monarchy where the governance function is in the hand of an elected congress, ordinary citizens have the power of the ballot, power of the purse, freedom of speech, and freedom of protest.
Monarchy or dictatorship
Republic
No. England is a part of the country of Great Britain. Great Britain has a government known as a Constitutional Monarchy, sometimes referred to as a Parliamentary Monarchy. Oligarchy is rule by a small group of people who use their high position within society to control it. An example of this is the ancient Greek city-state of Sparta. A modern example would be South Africa during the time of Apartheid. Generally speaking, those in high positions will be able to send their children to school, vote, and enjoy other priveleges, while the large majority of people are forbidden to do the same. A Constitutional Monarchy is a system of government in which a monarch (King or Queen) is the figurehead of the state but has no actual power. The power resides with ordinary citizens, who are able to vote on Representatives to send to a Parliament (similar to the American Congress). The idea is to keep the traditions and history of the country alive in the form of the monarch, and allow the ordinary folk to run the country. At least, that's how it's supposed to work.
direct democracy
If you mean 'constitutional monarchy', that influence is as big as that of the people in any democracy. The other form - absolute monarchy - disappeared around 1848 in Western countries. When it still was around - and today, in absolute monarchies like Saudi Arabia - all power rests with the king. Only in the Western countries, the citizens always had one powerful weapon: even an absolute king needed their assent for new taxes.
The King or Queen for example, Queen Elizabeth II is head of the British Monarchy
the enormous land mass of Russia in the 18th century restricted the effectiveness of the Russian monarchy because it decentralized the government. It was extremely hard to rule such a large area without woes!
Because it touched a nerve in the large numbers who were offended by the Fugitive Slave Act - turning ordinary citizens into unpaid slave-catchers.
Depends on the Government. If the governed nation has an economy based on a free market then then the government should do nothing. Any private business is subject to the free market.
Depended on the form of government - monarchy, oligarchy, tyranny or democracy.
The pecking order was: large landowners, small landowners, tradesmen, non-propertied workers, resident aliens, foreigners, women, slaves. A degree of equality appeared when it switched to a democratic constitution, when male citizens could serve in the government and participate in the popular assembly.
Citizens (males 18 and over) met in fortnightly assembly to implement government. The council implemented these decisions between meetings and handled routine day to day business. The law courts were held to be part of government, and were comprised of large juries of 500 citizens - there were no judges or lawyers to tamper with the people's judgement - the large numbers of members was effectively an opinion poll of what the people thought to be a proper outcome.