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Power adaptors work by transforming the high, mains voltage at AC to a low voltage DC.

This used to be done using a transformer and a rectifier, sometimes with a bit of smoothing or voltage regulation afterwards.

These days, heavy, expensive, Transformers are not used.

Instead the mains voltage is rectified to DC.

The high voltage DC is then chopped up and controlled by a high power transistor and used to feed an electrolytic capacitor. The mark/space ratio of the transistor pulses are controlled by a computer controller. Usually built into a dedicated silicon chip.

They are very complicated, but very light and and very stable, giving a smooth regulated output, with safety built in for short circuits and interference.

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14y ago

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