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Charges made against the interest received on a debt in order to offset a premium paid for the debt. Thus, with each periodic payment, a debtor is not only paying back interest, but also part of his or her premium. This leads to higher periodic payments than in the case when only interest is paid out. However, a payment schedule which includes premium amortization makes debt management easier, especially if the principal is large. While paying just the interest each period will lead to a low outflow of cash each month, the debtor might not save enough to pay the principal. Thus, amortizing the premium each period also reduces the credit risk of the debt, since the creditor gets some part of the principal each time period, as opposed to allowing a debtor to forfeit on all of it at the maturity of the loan. Amortization of premium is a common feature in cases when a person or company takes on a large amount of debt at one time, such as a mortgage.

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Q: How does amortization of premium affect the amount of interest expense?
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How does prepaid expense and accrued expense affect the profit of a business?

it will either increase or decrease profit. Prepaid expense should increase profit as the amount has been overstated.


What causes the profit for the year not to equal the net cash inflow?

You have several components that would cause changes in Cash flow and Net income. The first, and usually most intrusive is the way that capital asset (machines, buildings, etc.) are recorded. Purchasing a machine worth $50,000 causes an instant outflow of cash, however, you are able to amortize that same machine over it's useful life on the balance sheet. This means that if the machine has a useful life of 10 years, the amortization expense in the same year your purchased the machine (which remember was a $50,000 outflow of cash) will only be $5,000 (assuming straight-line amortization). This gives you a difference of $4,500 for the year. In subsequent years, the amortization expense will still be present at $5,000 (which counts towards your Net Income), however you did not have any cash transaction associated with the asset. This causes a $5,000 affect in the opposite direction.


Does depreciation expense increase cash?

Depreciation expense has no affect on cash flows whatsoever. It is simply a method of systematically expensing a long-term tangible asset over its useful life. However, if you are trying to calculate your cash flows from operating activities using the indirect method, depreciation expense is one of the figures you would add to your net income in order to arrive at that number.


What is the normal balance of depreciation expense accounts?

The answer to this question depends on the value of the depreciable assets the company has, the useful lives of the assets, and the depreciation methods used. When a firm owns many depreciable assets, depreciation expense will be higher. The longer the useful lives of the assets, the less the depreciation expense will be per period because the expense is being allocated over a longer period of time. The depreciation method also has a huge impact. If the straight-line method is used, then the expense will be constant each period. If another method such as double-declining balance is used, higher depreciation will occur during the beginning of the life of the asset. All of these factors affect the balance of the depreciation expense account.


Is Depreciation on plant and machinery asset or liability?

surely it is neither, it is merely just a reduction in marketable value and no money is paid or received with depreciation. it does not affect cash but is classed as an expense.

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How does prepaid expense and accrued expense affect the profit of a business?

it will either increase or decrease profit. Prepaid expense should increase profit as the amount has been overstated.


What causes the profit for the year not to equal the net cash inflow?

You have several components that would cause changes in Cash flow and Net income. The first, and usually most intrusive is the way that capital asset (machines, buildings, etc.) are recorded. Purchasing a machine worth $50,000 causes an instant outflow of cash, however, you are able to amortize that same machine over it's useful life on the balance sheet. This means that if the machine has a useful life of 10 years, the amortization expense in the same year your purchased the machine (which remember was a $50,000 outflow of cash) will only be $5,000 (assuming straight-line amortization). This gives you a difference of $4,500 for the year. In subsequent years, the amortization expense will still be present at $5,000 (which counts towards your Net Income), however you did not have any cash transaction associated with the asset. This causes a $5,000 affect in the opposite direction.


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