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By blood clotting by blood cells, fibrin and fibrinogen
fluid loss,nausea,craamping blood or puss in stool
Loss of protein from the blood, especially albumin, reduces the oncotic pressure in the blood vessels. This results in decreased fluid reabsorption from the tissues back into the blood, leading to fluid accumulation and swelling in the tissues (edema).
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Dextran is an impermeable carbohydrate commonly administered to patients with blood loss, as it helps expand blood volume by drawing fluid into the bloodstream.
Excessive fluid accumulation in the blood typically leads to hypertension, not hypotension. When there is too much fluid, it increases the overall blood volume, which raises blood pressure. Hypotension, or low blood pressure, can occur due to other factors such as dehydration, blood loss, or certain medical conditions. In summary, excessive fluid accumulation generally does not result in hypotension.
The four major factors that can influence blood volume are fluid intake, fluid loss, hormonal regulation, and body temperature. Fluid intake affects blood volume directly through hydration, while fluid loss can occur through sweating, urination, or bleeding. Hormones such as aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) play crucial roles in regulating the balance of fluids in the body. Additionally, changes in body temperature can influence blood volume by affecting blood vessel dilation and fluid distribution.
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The volume of blood circulating throughout the body is regulated by various physiological mechanisms, including fluid intake, fluid loss, and hormonal control. Blood volume can increase with hydration and fluid retention, while it decreases due to dehydration, blood loss, or certain medical conditions. The body maintains homeostasis through these adjustments, ensuring adequate circulation to sustain organ function and overall health. Changes in blood volume can also influence blood pressure and cardiovascular dynamics.
The protective function? Well I guess there isn't really specific protective function because blood flow maintains the life of the organism, and also maintains hormone levels, body temperature, blood clotting to prevent blood loss, and much more.
A large burn area predisposes to decreased blood pressure because the damaged skin leads to fluid loss and shifts of fluid from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissues. This loss of fluid reduces the volume of blood in circulation, leading to hypovolemia and subsequent decreased blood pressure. Additionally, the release of inflammatory mediators in response to the burn injury can also contribute to vasodilation and further drop in blood pressure.
A blood loss of 2500cc (or 2.5 liters) is considered very serious and can be life-threatening, as the average adult has about 5 to 6 liters of blood in their body. Such a significant loss can lead to hypovolemic shock, where the body cannot maintain adequate blood pressure and circulation, resulting in organ failure. Immediate medical attention is crucial to manage this level of blood loss, typically requiring interventions like fluid resuscitation and possible blood transfusions.