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If blood flows through the lungs twice as fast as rest, it picks up twice as much oxygen per minute because as cardiac output rises, the rate of blood flow through the lungs also increases. Furthermore, the rate at which O2 diffuses from alveolar air into the blood increases during maximal exercise because blood flows through a larger percentage of the pulmonary capillaries, providing a greater surface area for diffusion of O2 into the blood. Also, when exercise is strenuous and demanding the breathing rate will increase. At the end of an exercise session, an abrupt decrease in ventilation rate is followed by a more gradual decline to the resting level.

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