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What affect does lowering extracellular calcium have on the resting membrane potential of a neuron?
Low calcium levels in the extracellular fluid increase the permeability of neuronal membranes to sodium ions, causing a progressive depolarization, which increases the possibility of action potentials. These action potentials may be spontaneously generated, causing contraction of skeletal muscles (tetany).
Does smiling affect brain chemistry?
No. Smiling is generally a response to emotional stimulation.
How does sound affect frequency?
The definition of sound is : "Vibrations that travel through the air or another medium and can be heard when they reach a person's or animal's ear." Sound can be measured by amplitude (loudness) and pitch (The frequency of the vibrations). Therefore sound does not affect frequency but frequency affects the pitch of the sound.
How does genetic drift affect gene frequency?
loss of alleles
What factors affect the pitch?
Loudness, pitch and timbre are approximately the correlates of signal amplitude, frequency and frequency spectrum, respectively.
How did the frequency of stimulation affect the amount of force generated by the isolated skeletal muscle when the frequency of stimulation was increased such that the muscle twitches did not fully re?
Decreased force production
What affect does lowering extracellular calcium have on the resting membrane potential of a neuron?
Low calcium levels in the extracellular fluid increase the permeability of neuronal membranes to sodium ions, causing a progressive depolarization, which increases the possibility of action potentials. These action potentials may be spontaneously generated, causing contraction of skeletal muscles (tetany).
How does the frequency of stimulation affect the amount of force generated by the muscle?
Increasing the stimulus to an isolated muscle increases the strength of a contraction. A muscle begins to contract when the stimulus is given; however, if the muscle does not finish contracting before the next stimulus hits, then the force of the contraction will increase to finish the contraction. This is known as wave summation.
How does a drug that increases the length of time required for the repolarization of pacemaker cells affect the heat rate?
would decrease the heart rate, because the pacemaker cells would generate fewer action potentials per minute
Would stimulation of arterial baroreceptors affect blood pressure?
yes
How does mass affect wave frequency?
lower mass = higher frequency
Does smiling affect brain chemistry?
No. Smiling is generally a response to emotional stimulation.
How does changing the frequency of the wave affect wavelength?
The wavelength changes inversely with the frequency.
Will coffee affect the brain?
Coffee, or any caffeinated drink, will not affect the brain directly, however it will effect the central nervous system by stimulation. The brain can be "affected" as a secondary response to the stimulation created in the central nervous system.
How does the changing the frequency affect the energy of the wave?
Higher frequency increases the energy. Lower frequency decreases the energy.
How does changing the frequency affect the wave speed?
The speed of a wave doesn't depend on its frequency.
What affect if any does frequency have on the amplitude of the waves?
Frequency has no effect on teh amplitude of a wave.
