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MHC I
MHC I is present in all cells except red blood cells (they lack nuclei). MHC I will present an intravesicular antigen to the cells surface for it to be identified as self or foreign by your adaptive immunity cells.
MHC II
MHC II is present in professional antigen presenting cells which include: macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells. These cells will engulf bacteria, soluble proteins, viruses, etc. Whatever was taken into the cell becomes processed in the increasingly acidic endosome that eventually will cut the antigen into peptides. MHC II transported from the ER will meet up with this endosome and the peptides will bind to MHC II for it to eventually present on the cells surface.
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Four of the five cells listed - viruses cells - MHC markers - cancer cells - bacteria - dead cells - are targets of the immune system - Select the exception?
MHC markers- which are proteins that present or "show" antigens like bacteria to other immune cells. Instead of being targets, they are helper proteins of the immune system.
What is the cell surface marker?
The CD system is commonly used as cell markers in immunophenotyping, allowing cells to be defined based on what molecules are present on their surface. These markers are often used to associate cells with certain immune functions.
How does the immune system recognize its own body?
By recognizing self from non-self. Every cell in the body carries specific protein markers that are recognized by all immune cells so they do not attack self, at least when the system is operating well.
If cancer cells are foreign and harmful to our body how come our immune system doesn't fight it?
Yes our immune system does fight it. These are the NK cells. NK cells naturally present Inhibitory R and NK R. Target cells do not present MHC but present the ligand for NKR. So although lignad on NK binds to NKR, there is no MHC to interact with inhibitory R. So NK cells do not receive inhibitory signal and attacks the cell (e.g. cancerous cell). But at times there may be cancer cells undetected, which is why our immune system can't 'sense' it.
An immune response to a tissue graft will differ from an immune response to a bacterium because?
MHC molecules of the host may stimulate rejection of the graft tissue :]
Major histocompatibility complex serves as the identification fingerprint for?
Well, there is not really a short answer for it: 1) there are 2 class of MHC: HLA/MHC-I: binds to CD8 T cells HLA/MHC-II: binds to CD4 T cells A physician has to check for a good match of the MHC subtypes in a transplation between graft and host. A good match reduces the risk of immune complications after the transplantation.
Do cancer cells have MHC?
Absolutely not.Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a cell surface molecule encoded by a large gene family in all vertebrates. MHC molecules mediate interactions of leukocytes, also called white blood cells (WBCs), which are immune cells, with other leukocytes or body cells.
How does the body know which cells to attack?
The body's immune system is able to distinguish between self and non-self cells through various mechanisms. One such mechanism is the presence of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on the surface of cells, which helps the immune system recognize self-cells. Non-self cells, such as infected or cancerous cells, may display abnormal proteins or antigens that are recognized as foreign by the immune system, prompting an immune response to attack and eliminate them.
What is the best definition for interferon?
An interferon is a chemical message made by a virus infected cell or sometimes made by that cell in response another type of intracellular parasite. They are even produced by tumor cells.They are also called cytokines which are also produced by white blood cells, fibroblasts, or T-cells as a part of an immune response.They are used for communication between cells to trigger the protective defenses of the immune system that help eradicate pathogens.They activate immune cells, such as natural killer cells and macrophages and they increase host defenses by up-regulating antigen presentation by virtue of increasing the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens.This upgrading of MHC is like a tune up of the immune system.Interferons were first described in 1957 by Alick Isaacs and Jean Lindenmann in the UK.
What cell surface molecule is a major agent in tissue rejection?
Class I and II MHC molecules are what the body uses to recognize it's own cells as "self". If it detects an antigen (anything foreign to the body) the immune system will trigger a response.
When an antigen is bound to a class II MHC protein it can activate what cell?
When an antigen is bound to a class II MHC protein, it can activate helper T cells. Helper T cells play a critical role in initiating and coordinating immune responses by releasing various signaling molecules and activating other immune cells.
Who are what produces the antibody?
Antigens are responsible for producing antibodies.An antigen (from antibody generator) originally defined as any molecule that binds specifically to an antibody, the term now also refers to any molecule or molecular fragment that can be bound by a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and presented to a T-cell receptor. Self" antigens are usually tolerated by the immune system; whereas "Non-self" antigens are identified as intruders and attacked by the immune system. Autoimmune disorders arise from the immune system reacting to its own antigens.
