Neural tube defects.
In the embryo the neural tube forms the central nervous system in the fetus, which is the brain and spinal cord. The reason pregnant women are given folic acid supplementation is to help prevent neural tube defects, which can range from fairly benign all the way to anencephaly (where the baby is born without a brain).
Before the mid-1990s, about three quarters of neural tube defects could be traced to low folate levels in the mother. Since foods (mostly cereals) and prenatal vitamins now contain folate, there has been a 75% decrease in the rate of neural tube defects in the U.S. So, nowadays, the percentage of neural tube defects related to the mother's lack of folate intake is quite small, although the exact percentage has not been studied.
Folic acid.
FOlIC ACID
Alpha fetoprotein is elevated when there are neural tube defects such as spina bifida.
Spina bifida occurs during the first trimester. Spina bifida is in a class of birth defects known as neural tube defects. The neural tube eventually develops into the spinal cord, brain and the tissues that enclose them. In a normal pregnancy the tube forms early and closes by the twenty eighth day. With spina bifida portions of the neural tube fail to develop properly causing defects of varying severity in the spinal cord and back bones. This is a complicated topic and you can read more about it at the related link.
Folic acid.
Encephaloceles refers to defects in the development of a fetal structure called the neural tube. The tube fails to close completely during development of the fetus.
Folic acid anemia is a known risk factor for neural tube birth defects.
malnourished,uncompleted body parts,not improved senses of organ.
The neural tube forms the spinal cord and brain. Mistakes in the formation of these structures seems to be more common in folate deficiency. Women who may become pregnant are advised to take folate to prevent these birth defects.