The acid is Carbonic Acid, formed by Carbon Dioxide from the atmosphere dissolving into rain-water, and though very weak capable of dissolving limestone whose main constituent is calcium Carbonate.
The stalactites are of calcite, crystallised calcium carbonate precipitated from that solution.
Farm supply stores are probably your best bet. There's a confusing number of similar names for three related compounds: Calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, and calcium oxide. "Slaked lime" or "hydrated lime" is calcium hydroxide; this is the one you're asking about. "Lime," "crushed lime," or "agricultural lime" is calcium carbonate. You don't want that one. "Quicklime" or "burnt lime" is calcium oxide. You don't really want that one either, though if that's all you can find it does react with water to form slaked lime.
Marble is formed from limestone, primarily calcium carbonate. Vinegar is acetic acid. The reaction between the two produces water, carbon dioxide, and calcium acetate. We know this from balancing the equation. See the related question.
Calcium Bicarbonate can not be bought in a solid dry form. If you would like to purchase it, try looking for it as a liquid or part of something else. Or make it yourself! It isn't that difficult. http://www.add-adhd-help-center.com/Chelation/calcium_bicarbonate.htm Says they sell it in capsules, for detox, I don't see it being possible check for youself.
Yes. According to the activity series of metals, the calcium will replace the iron in the iron chloride compound, forming calcium chloride and iron. Refer to the related link for an activity series of metals.
Calcium is a fairly reactive metal (and thus not found in metallic form in nature). The most commonly found calcium compound is calcium carbonate, which makes up limestone, coral reefs, sea shells, bones, etc.
potassium carbonate
No. Stalactite is a noun. It is a formation in caves and other stone structures that hangs from the ceiling and that resembles an icicle. Stalagmites are the related formations that form on the floors of caves, usually right below stalactites. How do you remember which is which? Stalactite has a 'c' for ceiling, and stalagmite has a 'g' for ground.
Yes: some of the calcium carbonate dissolved in the water in each drop precipitates as its crystalline form, calcite, so slowly builds up layer after layer of crystals to form the stalactite (and related formations).
Ca3P2 or Ca3(PO4)2 See related question below for more details on how to find empirical formulas.
No. Coral itself is a kind of living organism related to jellyfish and sea anemones. They do build shells made of calcium carbonate, however, which is a calcium salt.
Chalk is a form of limestone, or calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Refer to the related links for more information about chalk.
Dolostone is a type of sedimentary rock that is composed of the mineral dolomite, which is mainly magnesium calcium carbonate. It is closely related to limestone
Stones normally don't grow :) Although I can think of 3: Stalagmite's and Stalactite's both of which are normally found in cave systems where there is a high amount of dissolved minerals - like calcium The other is the "Desert Rose" - "a rosette formation of gypsum and barite with sand inclusions", these are normally formed in arid areas such as deserts and salt pans. See related link
coral. Marine invertebrate of the class Anthozoa in the phylum Cnidaria. Has a skeleton of lime (calcium carbonate).
Farm supply stores are probably your best bet. There's a confusing number of similar names for three related compounds: Calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, and calcium oxide. "Slaked lime" or "hydrated lime" is calcium hydroxide; this is the one you're asking about. "Lime," "crushed lime," or "agricultural lime" is calcium carbonate. You don't want that one. "Quicklime" or "burnt lime" is calcium oxide. You don't really want that one either, though if that's all you can find it does react with water to form slaked lime.
Calcium bicarbonate, Ca(HCO3)2 , is called calcium bicarbonate.There is no common name for this compound, because it is not common.In fact, in nature there is no solid compound with this chemical composition. Nor has it seemed possible to create it artificially.It can exist in solution, perhaps in water. But then a molecule of it would be something else, not Ca(HCO3)2For more information, see Related links below.
No elements but mineral compounds. Calcium carbonate and calcium sulphate are soluble in water acidified by atmostpheric carbon-dioxide; and humic acids. Others such as felspar are broken down by the related process, hydrolysis.