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How does the mitochondrial membrane generate and maintain a H positive gradient?
Wiki User
∙ 11y ago
The passing of the electrons through the membrane complexes allows the protons to leave the cell, then reenters through ATP synthase to fuse with oxygen to form water. Hydrogen ions and the electrons come from NADH and FADH2, which are generated during glycolysis and citric acid cycle.
Wiki User
∙ 11y ago
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ATP synthase works by means of?
a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane
The transfer of high-energy electrons down the electron transport chain causes what to be transported across the mitochondrial membrane?
The electron movement causes H+ ions to be transported to the cystolic side of the mitochondrial membrane from the mitochondial matrix. This creates the electrochemical gradient that is used to generate chemical energy (ATP from ADP)
What is the energy of the hydrogen ion gradient created across the inner mitochondrial membrane used to make?
electron transport chain
Which accumulates in the inter membrane space of the mitochondrion during electron transport?
During electron transport in the mitochondrion, protons (H+) accumulate in the intermembrane space. This happens as electrons are transferred through the electron transport chain, creating a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This gradient of protons is later utilized by ATP synthase to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
The movement of electrons down a concentration gradient via electron transport membrane is used to generate what?
ATP.
Why are the components of the electron transport chain embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane rather than floating freely in the cytoplasm of mitochondrial matrix?
to generate and maintain the protein gradient essential for ATP production
ATP synthase works by means of?
a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane
Why aren't protons able to diffuse through the inner mitochondrial membrane?
Its going against their gradient
The transfer of high-energy electrons down the electron transport chain causes what to be transported across the mitochondrial membrane?
The electron movement causes H+ ions to be transported to the cystolic side of the mitochondrial membrane from the mitochondial matrix. This creates the electrochemical gradient that is used to generate chemical energy (ATP from ADP)
What is the energy of the hydrogen ion gradient created across the inner mitochondrial membrane used to make?
electron transport chain
Which accumulates in the inter membrane space of the mitochondrion during electron transport?
During electron transport in the mitochondrion, protons (H+) accumulate in the intermembrane space. This happens as electrons are transferred through the electron transport chain, creating a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This gradient of protons is later utilized by ATP synthase to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
When hydrogen ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space the result is?
Hydrogen ions are pumped through the membrane in the final stage of ATP generation in the electron transport chain. The ions pumped through the membrane create a gradient and cause the hydrogen to "want" to pass back through the membrane. They do so through the protein channels in the membrane and attaches a phosphate to adenosine diphosphate to make adenosine triphosphate.
The movement of electrons down a concentration gradient via electron transport membrane is used to generate what?
ATP.
How does a cell maintain differences in concentration of certain ions on either side of the plasma membrane?
Cells maintain unequal concentrations of ions on opposite sides of a cell membrane through active transport.
Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative photophosphorylation?
The chemiosmosis theory postulates that living cells produce ATP from a proton gradient across a membrane by an enzyme called ATP synthase. Animals generate this proton gradient with the mitochondrial electron transport chain. When reductants (NADH, FADH2) give up their electrons to the electron transport chain, the electrons move to increasingly stronger oxidizing agents, using the released energy to pump protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Plants, however, generate the proton gradient directly with the photosystems and the photosynthetic electron transport chain. When the photosystem becomes excited, water is split into protons, oxygen and electrons. The electrons are then passed into the photosynthetic electron transport chain, which is analogous to the mitochondrial electron transport chain in that it also uses the energy of the oxidation reactions to pump protons across the thylakoid membrane. The end result is the same, however, because the proton gradient generates proton motive force, which is then used to synthesize ATP with ATP synthase.
What is responsible for pumping protons out of the mitochondrial matrix?
The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to protons on its own, so the energy of the proton gradient is stable. This means that energy is needed to make the protons go somewhere, thereby continuing the electron transport system.
Where in the mitochondria does the ETC occur?
The electron transport chain (ETC) occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is comprised of a series of protein complexes embedded in the membrane, through which electrons are passed along to generate ATP.
