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What is the energy of hydrogen ion gradient created across the inner mitochondrial membrane used to make?
The hydrogen falls down its electrochemical gradient, from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration, through the ATP synthase and provides the force to power this synthase and synthesize ATP.
Most of the ATP of aerobic respiration is produced directly from membrane hydrogen gradients created by?
Most of the ATP of aerobic respiration is produced directly from membrane hydrogen gradients created by the process of oxidative phosphorylation. This involves the transfer of electrons along the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane, leading to the pumping of protons across the membrane, creating a gradient that drives ATP synthesis through ATP synthase.
How is the proton concentration gradient created inside and outside of mitochondrial inner membrane?
The proton concentration gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane is created by the electron transport chain (ETC) during oxidative phosphorylation. As electrons are transferred through the ETC, energy released from these reactions is used to pump protons (H⁺) from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space, resulting in a higher concentration of protons outside the matrix. This creates a proton motive force, which is essential for ATP synthesis as protons flow back into the matrix through ATP synthase.
How is a hydrogen ion gradient created in the ETC of prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells create a hydrogen ion gradient in the electron transport chain (ETC) by pumping hydrogen ions across the inner membrane of the cell during the electron transfer process. This creates a concentration gradient, with more hydrogen ions on one side of the membrane than the other, which generates a proton motive force used by ATP synthase to produce ATP.
What creates a Na concentration gradient in the proximal tubule?
The Na concentration gradient in the proximal tubule is created by Na+/K+-ATPase pumps on the basolateral membrane actively pumping Na+ out of the cell, generating a low intracellular Na+ concentration. This drives passive reabsorption of Na+ from the lumen of the tubule into the cell down its electrochemical gradient.
What is the energy of hydrogen ion gradient created across the inner mitochondrial membrane used to make?
The hydrogen falls down its electrochemical gradient, from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration, through the ATP synthase and provides the force to power this synthase and synthesize ATP.
What is the energy of the hydrogen ion gradient created across the inner mitochondrial membrane use to make?
The hydrogen falls down its electrochemical gradient, from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration, through the ATP synthase and provides the force to power this synthase and synthesize ATP.
Most of the ATP of aerobic respiration is produced directly from membrane hydrogen gradients created by?
Most of the ATP of aerobic respiration is produced directly from membrane hydrogen gradients created by the process of oxidative phosphorylation. This involves the transfer of electrons along the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane, leading to the pumping of protons across the membrane, creating a gradient that drives ATP synthesis through ATP synthase.
How is a hydrogen ion gradient created in the ETC of prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells create a hydrogen ion gradient in the electron transport chain (ETC) by pumping hydrogen ions across the inner membrane of the cell during the electron transfer process. This creates a concentration gradient, with more hydrogen ions on one side of the membrane than the other, which generates a proton motive force used by ATP synthase to produce ATP.
What does ATP synthase use to add phosphate to ADP?
ATP synthase uses the proton gradient created by the electron transport chain to drive the formation of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. This process occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells and the plasma membrane in prokaryotic cells.
The process of chemiosmosis is for making molecules of?
The process of chemiosmosis is for making molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the primary energy carrier in cells. It involves the movement of protons across a membrane, usually the inner mitochondrial membrane or the thylakoid membrane in chloroplasts, to generate ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. This process relies on the proton gradient created by electron transport chains during cellular respiration or photosynthesis.
When was Mitochondrial DNA - journal - created?
Mitochondrial DNA - journal - was created in 1980.
When was Mitochondrial Blues created?
Mitochondrial Blues was created on 2004-07-27.
In what organelle does the electron transport chain function?
The electron transport chain converts energy stored in hydrogen ions and various other substances formed in early cellular respiration to produce high energy ATP in mitochondria. Mitochondria contain both an inner and an outer membrane, and it is along the inner membrane that the actual reactions of the chain occur. Inside the inner membrane a surplus of hydrogen ions is created that produces a concentration gradient across the membrane to the intermembrane space. This gradient causes a force that pushes hydrogen ions out of the innermost matrix and into the intermembrane space. This exchange occurs through special proteins called ATP synthase that convert low energy ADP into high energy ATP whenever a hydrogen ion is sent through one. When all is said and done, the excess electrons and hydrogen are bonded to oxygen to form water molecules.
When was Gradient Analytics created?
Gradient Analytics was created in 1996.
What causes ATP synthase to spin during ATP production?
The proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane drives the rotation of the ATP synthase rotor, causing it to spin. As protons flow through the ATP synthase complex, the resulting conformational changes in the enzyme complex promote the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
What causes the H ions in the intermembrane space space to move through the channels in the membrane and out into the matrix?
The energy of the high energy molecules used for every time 2 high energy electrons move down the chain causes the H+ ions to move to the matrix.
