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basically all selection tools except quick selection tool work with color range, best tool for color range selections is Select -> Color Range.
magic wand tool, quick selection tool, lasso tool polygonal or magnetic lasso tool. there the main one's.
Use any selection tool from Toolbox on left side of screen (Window>Toolbox). Selections tools are Magic Wand (W), Quick Selection tool (W) Rectangular Marquee tool (M), Elliptical Marquee tool (M) or use powerful Color Range command from Select menu.
Quick Selection Tool creates selections by automaticaly detecting edges based on color and texture similarity of surounding pixels with clicked point. You can click or click and drag to create selection with Quick Selection Tool.
The tool is used to select specific locations/pixels on a picture. This is used to copy,create masking etc
the masking tool
Selection tools in Photoshop: Marquee Tools (M), Lasso Tools (L), Magic Wand and Quick selection (W). You can also select color from image as foreground or background color with Eyedropper Tool (I). Navigate with mouse above any tool in Photoshop and you will see tooltip with keyboard shortcut for that tool in parentheses.
Use the Magic Wand Tool (same group as Quick Selection Tool) and select the white part. It will automatically select the whole area with white. Refine the results by going to Layer > Matting > Remove White Matte
You can use the pen tool, quick selection tool and lasso.
Selections tools inside Adobe Photoshop are : Lasso tools, Marquee tools, Magic Wand and Quick Selection, Color Range from Select menu and you can also trace edges with Pen Tool or Magnetic Pen Tool which is accessible when Freeform Pen Tool is active.
Window > veiw selection bar
Selection tool are used to select a portion of image. With this portion allocated (selected) you can do what you want without affecting rest of picture. See related link for detailed explanation with snapshots.