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Huygen's Principle tells us that, at each point that a propagating wave reaches, a spherical wave emanates outwards from that point.

When we're looking at a plane wave propagating (without a collision), the spherical emanations from each point on the wave front cancel out in all but the forward propagation direction, which is why a plane wave continues to travel as a plane wave.

When a wave strikes a barrier with a tiny opening in it, on the other side of the opening you can expect to see waves propagating outward radially from the opening.

When the opening is wider, the spherical waves coming from the points towards the center of the opening nearly cancel out, but at the edges of the opening there isn't anything to cancel out with, so if you're not in line with the opening (as in, if you look at the nearest point in the opening, your line of sight is not perpendicular to the original wavefront), you will see the wavefront coming radially from the opening edge nearest you. The closer you are (angularly) to being in front of the opening, the more plane-like the wave will be.

It is because of this same diffraction that we see an interference pattern when there are two small openings in the barrier. In this case, the radial waves will constructively and destructively interfere at different points beyond the barrier.

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Q: How does the size of a barrier or opening affect the amount of diffraction of a wave?
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