the surface waves cause vibrations invisible to the eye. these vibrations shake rocks and stuff on the surface and result in fractional movement.
Surface waves are a type of seismic wave that travels along the Earth's surface and can cause rocks and other surface materials to move in a rolling or shaking motion. This movement can lead to landslides, rockfalls, and other types of mass wasting events. The amplitude and frequency of surface waves can determine the extent of rock movement.
secondary waves
S waves cause rocks particles to move from side to side. The rock particles move at the right angles to the direction of the waves. However liquids can not support shear stresses and therefore S waves can not propagate through them.
secondary waves
Longitudinal or compression waves.
Longitudinal or compression waves.
Subtypes of surface waves include Rayleigh waves, which travel along the surface and cause the ground to move elliptically, and Love waves, which cause horizontal shearing motions. These waves are classified based on their motion and behavior as they propagate along the Earth's surface.
Shear waves, also known as S-waves, cause particles in rocks to move perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. These waves are a type of seismic wave that travel through the Earth's crust during an earthquake. Shear waves can cause significant damage to structures due to their side-to-side motion.
Seismic waves travel through rocks in various ways, primarily categorized as primary (P) waves, secondary (S) waves, and surface waves. P waves are compressional waves that compress and expand the material, causing it to move back and forth in the direction of wave propagation, which can lead to elastic deformation. S waves, being shear waves, move rocks perpendicular to their direction of travel, causing more complex movements and often resulting in shear stress that can lead to fractures or faults. Surface waves, which travel along the Earth's surface, typically cause the most damage, generating rolling or swaying motions that can significantly weaken structures and disturb the ground.
Seismic waves, specifically shear waves or S-waves, cause particles in rock to move back and forth during an earthquake. These waves propagate by producing a side-to-side motion that leads to the shaking and fracturing of rocks.
The four different types of waves are transverse waves, longitudinal waves, surface waves, and mechanical waves. Transverse waves cause particles in the medium to move perpendicular to the direction of the wave, while longitudinal waves cause particles to move parallel to the direction of the wave. Surface waves combine aspects of both transverse and longitudinal waves, while mechanical waves require a medium to propagate.
Longitudinal or compression waves.