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Based on the Confederate reports from the Battle of Antietam, the Union's artillery was most effective against the Rebel forces. Federal infantry assaults were heavily supported by Union artillery. The infantry was also supported by rifled guns on the east bank of Antietam Creek. Also, long range Federal artillery beyond the Creek opened fire shortly after dawn on September 17, 1862. This severely hurt Stonewall Jackson's defensive lines. Confederate corps commanders and officers in charge of Confederate artillery all complained about how the long range Federal artillery hampered Rebel counter attacks.

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Q: How effective was Union artillery at the Battle of Antietam in 1862?
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