Electronic Controller
The electronic controller is the "heart" of the electrode regulation system. It acquires the physical signals, compares them with the setpoints by computing an error function and then generates the output references for the regulating valves.
Electrode Basic Movement Rules
Being in relation with electrode currents and voltages only, the electrode regulation system follows some basic rules to regulate the movement of the arc furnace electrodes. These rules include:
Control Action
Enlarge this pictureFig. 2. Generic electrode circuit
There are different possible approaches to implement the regulation control algorithm. The most used and reliable method is a classic approach using PID controllers, which is represented by the following formula:
Out(t)=Kp•e(t)+Ki•òe(t)+Kd de(t)/dt
When analyzing the regulation process, experience shows that the use of the proportional component only provides simple control of electrode position during "flat bath" operation (i.e. refining/heating phases or continuous charge). The addition of the integrative component in the control algorithm gives more opportunities to adjust the system, adding custom parameters to face all the possible situations occurring during the melting process. The derivative component is normally omitted because it introduces arc instability, increasing the complexity of the controller without providing any measureable benefit to the melting or heating process.
The simplified control algorithm commonly used is:
Out(t)=Kp•e(t)+Ki•òe(t)
e(t) is the error function computed as the difference between process and measured values of a controlled variable, which is plant-specific. Mechanical characteristics, electric line design and signal acquisition quality affect the variable selection. A common and widely applied approach is the selection of the impedance as the controlled variable. This control mode is known as control at constant impedance, which means the controller acts to minimize the error function defined as e(t)=Z"-Z"ref, where Z''=U"∕√3 I" is the measured impedance and Z''ref=U"ref∕√3 I"ref is the reference impedance. The output function, out(t), is the control function that has to be applied to the regulating valves.
i don't know please give me the answer
Which is the mínimum distance between the electrode an a grounding part.
arc energy is the amps that are comming off from the electrode
Sensitive equipment like a furnace machine requires the services of a qualified electrician. Call one to have the copper pad in the electric arc furnace machine fixed.
Open circuit voltage is the voltage at the electrode before striking an arc (with no current being drawn). The higher the open circuit voltage, the easier it is to strike an arc because of the initial higher voltage pressure.
i don't know please give me the answer
Which is the mínimum distance between the electrode an a grounding part.
Arc Length depends on the secondary voltage of furnace transformer. Thumb rule is for 500V the Arc length would be 500mm(20"). The purpose of arc length is to give maximum power to the melt, without arc flare. -
In BOF the steel making is done by blowing oxygen through a lance and in EAF it is done by producing an arc from the electrodes. A Con-arc furnace makes use of both the technologies i.e both the oxygen blowing and electrode arc method. The input for BOF is Hot metal whereas the input for EAF is scrap. but the input for Con-arc furnace is 50% Hot metal and 50% Scrap.
Depend upon dia of electrode & Arc length between Electrode tip and job surface.
A rule of thumb is - the arc length should be the same as the diameter of the electrode. 3/32" electrode = 3/32" arc length. 1/8" electrode = 1/8" arc length etc. The thicker the electrode coating the shorter the distance from the end of the electrode to the work. Drag rods are contact rods. E-7024 is one.
arc energy is the amps that are comming off from the electrode
arc energy is the amps that are comming off from the electrode
Arc length is the distance from the tip of the electrode to the workpiece.
Everybody used to call it "stick welding". MMAW Manual Metal Arc Welding is the correct nomenclature. The "sticks" are electrodes held in an electrode holder connected to a power supply. Establish an arc between the end of the electrode and the metal and move across the joint. As you weld the electrode is consumed. Discard the "stub", insert a new electrode and continue.
The angle of the electrode, the speed of the electrode used to weld and the size of the electrode.
Submerged Arc Furnace is also called smelting furnace. The furnace is called submerged Arc because Soderberg(Carbon) Electrodes are , buried inside the charge mix. Though Arcing is there but can not be seen. This Furnace is used for producing Ferro Alloys,Pig iron,Silicon metal, Calcium Carbide, Ferro Silicon,Ferro Chrome, Silico Manganese