I think you may be referring to Beta decay of a radioactive substance. Beta decay involves the emission of an electron and an electron antineutrino from the nucleus of an atom as a neutron is converted into a proton
The farther an electron is from the nucleus, the greater its energy.
nucleus is in the middle and the electron cloud is around it
Electron in an atom is represented by electron cloud around the nucleus
In beta decay (β⁻), a neutron converts to a proton, and emits an electron and an electron antineutrino. So the electron wasn't there from the start; it gets created as part of the beta decay.
The particle not found in the nucleus is the electron
An electron is what orbits the nucleus. The nucleus is made of protons and neutrons
Electrons are found in the electron cloud that surrounds the nucleus.
The nucleus is far more massive than the electron cloud. The mass of the electron cloud is almost negligible compared to that of the nucleus.
The sub-atomic particle that orbits the nucleus in an atom is called an electron.
An electron in a 2s orbital is on average closer to the nucleus.
The latter two particles, the electron and the neutron, are found in the nucleus of an atom. The electron orbits the nucleus in the electron cloud, while the neutron is located alongside protons in the nucleus.
It would not depend on the direction with respect to the nucleus. The direction of the electron has no effect on the distance of the electron from the nucleus.