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About 230 miles.
That depends on whether you're coming from the Manhattan side of the ferry or the Staten Island side.
About 5 hours and a half, I recently moved from Cumberland Rhode Island to Paramus New Jersey
60 miles
It is 62.02 miles according to MapQuest.
There are millions of bridges that are not connected to Staten Island - far too many to list here. In fact, there are only four bridges that are connected to Staten Island - the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, the Bayonne Bridge, the Goethals Bridge and the Outerbridge Crossing. Other New York City bridges that are not connected to Staten Island include the Brooklyn Bridge, the Manhattan Bridge, the Williamsburg Bridge, the Queensboro Bridge, the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge (formerly the Triborough Bridge), the Bronx-Whitestone Bridge, the Throggs Neck Bridge, the Henry Hudson Bridge and the George Washington Bridge.
The New York City Marathon starts on Staten Island, at the beginning of Staten Island side of the Verazzano Bridge, not far past the toll booths. The first two miles are run entirely on the bridge. See www.nycmarathon.org.
(I did this without any specific address so this is a rough estimate.) From Staten Island, NY to Montreal, QC is roughly 7 hours and 15 minutes driving and about 560.244 km/348.12 mi. This is from MapQuest so, once again, i dont entirely know the validity of these estimates.
about 120 miles
It is 1,252.20 miles according to MapQuest.
Bodies of water in and around New York City are: Lower New York Harbor (from the Atlantic Ocean) The Arthurkill Tidal Straight, separating Staten Island from New Jersey Great Kills Harbor, Staten Island Ohrbak Lake, Staten Island Silver Lake, Staten Island Grasmere Lake, Staten Island Brooks Lake, Staten Island Richmond Lake, Staten Island Clove Lake, Staten Island The Kill Van Kull Tidal Straight, between Staten Island and New Jersey Upper New York Bay East Pond, Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge Norton Basin, Queens Sommerville Basin, Queens Conch Basin, Queens Meadow Lake, Queens (NYC's largest lake) Littleneck Bay on the border of Queens and Nassau County Jamaica Bay, Brooklyn and Queens Ridgewood Reservoir, Brooklyn and Queens Dead Horse Bay, Brooklyn Bergen Basin, Brooklyn Jerome Park Reservoir, Brooklyn Newtown Creek, Brooklyn The East River, between Brooklyn and Manhattan Hudson River, between Manhattan and New Jersey The Pond in Central Park, Manhattan Central Park Lake, Manhattan Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Central Park Reservoir, Manhattan The Pool, Central Park, Manhattan Harlem Meer, Central Park, Manhattan Harlem River, between Manhattan and The Bronx Eastchester Bay, Bronx Indian Pond, Bronx Bronx River, Bronx Jerome Park Reservoir, Bronx Hutchinson River, Bronx Long Island Sound (far east end)
They are maybe a little over 3 miles apart from each other, as the crow flies, according to the measurements I got from Google Maps. I am including a link to a New York City subway map that shows you all the five boroughs, except Staten Island. You can see the tip of Staten Island at the bottom left corner of the map, but the entire island is not shown, since the subway doesn't go there.