While I can't give any statistics to this question, or a list of developmental adolescent disorders associated with this topic, but the answer to the gang-as-surrogate-family question is simple:
As children, we all want to feel accepted, whether by our parents or society, or both, and when that does not happen, we become estranged from society. If a child is rejected by his/her parents, he/she will seek out acceptance from other sources--the usual source often being gangs. It starts (usually) with a friend to the child who is in a gang all ready who accepts the child through his/her friendship. As they grow closer, the rejected child will want to be a part of his/her friend's gang as they all become better acquainted.
*Mind that this only one possible scenario and that this does not apply to all gang members/parentally-estranged children.
Loretta Gallo-Lopez has written: 'Play-based interventions for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders' -- subject(s): Pervasive Child Development Disorders, Therapy, Methods, Adolescent, Child, Play Therapy
Martha B. Straus has written: 'Violence in the lives of adolescents' -- subject(s): Case studies, Mental health, Violence in adolescence, Juvenile delinquency, Family violence, Teenagers 'Adolescent Girls in Crisis' -- subject(s): Adolescent, Adolescent Development, Adolescent psychology, Adolescent psychotherapy, Mental Disorders, Mental health, Psychology, Teenage girls, Therapy
No, a adolescent psychologist would be more so a developmental psychologist because they would focus on children social, physical, cognitive, social and personality development throughout their adolescents. Whereas a clinical psychologist evaluate and treat people with various psychological disorders.
The most common somatoform disorders in children and adolescents are conversion disorders, although body dysmorphic disorders are being reported more frequently.
It can go through their entire life if it's not treated.
Samuel Gershon has written: 'Pharmacotherapy for Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders'
Nutritional disorders, Sexually-transmitted disease, and Substance abuse
Brad Fern has written: 'From ashes to gold' -- subject(s): Behavior disorders in adolescents, Male juvenile delinquents, Rehabilitation, Counseling of, Behavior disorders in adolescence
This is a huge online group for people suffering from mental disorders : http://www.mdjunction.com/bipolar
Philip C. Kendall has written: 'Child and Adolescent Therapy' 'Anxiety disorders in youth' -- subject(s): Treatment, Anxiety in children, Anxiety in adolescence, Cognitive therapy for children, Cognitive therapy for teenagers 'Child and Adolescent Therapy' 'Stop and Think Workbook' 'Childhood disorders' -- subject(s): Mental illness, Child Behavior Disorders, Child psychopathology, Child, Child psychiatry, Child psychotherapy, Mental Disorders
Robin Edward Gearing has written: 'Developing a risk-model of time to first-relapse for children and adolescents with primary psychotic disorders or mood disorders with psychotic features'
Nancy L. Boyce has written: 'Adolescents' communication' -- subject(s): Communicative disorders in adolescence