After more than half a century of treating diabetics with animal insulins, recombinant DNA technologies and advanced protein chemistry made human insulin preparations available in the early 1980s. As the next step, over the last decade, insulin analogs were constructed by changing the structure of the native protein with the goal of improving the therapeutic properties of it, because the pharmacokinetic characteristics of rapid-, intermediate-, and long-acting preparations of human insulin make it almost impossible to achieve sustained normoglycemia. The first clinically available insulin analog, lispro, confirmed the hopes by showing that improved glycemic control can be achieved without an increase in hypoglycemic events. Two new insulin analogs, insulin glargine and insulin aspart, have recently been approved for clinical use in the United States, and several other analogs are being intensively tested. Thus, it appears that a rapid acceleration of basic and clinical research in this arena will be seen, which will have direct significance to both patients and their physicians. The introduction of new short-acting analogs and the development of the first truly long-acting analogs and the development of analogs with increased stability, less variability, and perhaps selective action, will help to develop more individualized treatment strategies targeted to specific patient characteristics and to achieve further improvements in glycemic control. Data on the currently available and tested analogs, as well as data on those currently being developed, are reviewed.
Leaves of this long, slender plant have been used for more than 2,000 years in India to treat diabetes.
The Sadafuli is considered to be a medicinal plant because it has long been used to treat certain diseases. It has been used in the treatment of diabetes, leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma and malaria.
Development of immunotoxins evolves with time and technology, but significant progress has been achieved in the past 20 years after introduction of recombinant DNA technique and generation of the first single-chain variable fragment (scFv) of monoclonal antibodies. Since then, more than 1,000 recombinant immunotoxins against cancer have been generated. At present, recombinant immunotoxins (RITs) are produced in prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells by fusion of vector and gene fragment of toxin through gene recombination, which have the characteristics of low-molecular weight, strong penetration, weak immunogenicity and mass production. The best clinical success has been achieved in treating patients with refractory hairy cell leukemia. These patients were treated with recombinant immunotoxin targeting CD22 cell surface receptors on leukemic cells. In addition, many tumor cells in the blood and bone marrow, often with highly expressed surface markers, are in stable contact with drugs for a long time, making immunotoxin therapies more effective.
Changing the DNA of an organism is called genetic engineering. The organism that results is called a genetically engineered organism. The use of this method is so widespread that it has been given its own category - recombinant DNA technology (a branch of molecular biology)
use bacteria as "factories" for protein products such as insulin
Diabetes and the lack of human growth hormone.
vaccinaton or immunisation
The type of DNA technology used to cause bacteria to produce human insulin is recombinant DNA technology. In this process, the gene for human insulin is inserted into the genome of a bacterium, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), using techniques such as restriction enzymes and ligase enzymes. Once the gene is inserted, the bacterium is then able to produce human insulin, which can be purified and used for medical purposes. This technology has revolutionized the production of insulin, making it more accessible and affordable for people with diabetes. Recombinant DNA technology has also been used to produce many other human proteins, such as growth hormone and blood clotting factors, with great success.
Chimeras. In genetic engineering, molecules of combined DNA are known as chimeras because they are produced by combining DNA from different species. Combined DNA is also known as recombinant DNA, since DNA from 2 sources has been recombined to produce it.
Recombinant DNA is DNA this has been obtain from a source other then where it orginanated. In other words, a host has been used to create DNA from another organism.
Leaves of this long, slender plant have been used for more than 2,000 years in India to treat diabetes.
A Sticky End, referring to Biology is recombinant DNA. After DNA has been cut by a restriction enzyme it has "sticky ends" or recombinant DNA at the ends.
a protein encoded by a gene that has been cloned in a system that supports expression of the gene and translation of messenger RNA. Modification of the gene by recombinant DNA technology can lead to expression of a mutant protein. Proteins coexpressed in bacteria will not possess post-translational modifications, e.g. phosphorylation or glycosylation; eukaryotic expression systems are needed .
well i know from experience iv been diabetic for 10 yrs children get type 1 diabetes it is easily treatable with regular blood sugar readings and insulin injections see a doctor
the yellow rabbit
vaccinaton or immunisation
The most natural way to treat diabetes is to control your diet and excersice regularly. If you have been put on medications you need to talk to you doctor about any alternative health plans you are thinking fo doing. People have reversed diabetes with changes to the diet.