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A broadcasting radio station has to generate and transmit (send out) carrier signals from its transmitters. A carrier signal has to be used because it is impractical to send out sound waves of energy over the very long distances used for radio broadcasting.
If, for example, a station broadcasts on a radio frequency of 455 kHz, before it is transmitted by the station's radio transmitters, that carrier signal first has to be modulated with the sounds coming from the station's studio.
The modulation method used can be either amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM) or digital (DAB). DAB is short for "digital audio broadcasting".
At the radio receivers used by the station's listeners, the modulated carrier signal is received through their aerials and then has to be de-modulated to release the studio sound.
De-modulation can be described very simply as "removing the carrier signal to produce the sound".
That sound then has to be amplified so that it can be listened-to using loudspeakers or headphones.
The actual carrier frequencies used by a particular station have to be varied:
1) to suit their transmitters' locations
2) to suit the areas to be covered by that station's broadcasts and
3) to avoid causing interference with other radio stations.
In every country there is a government agency which controls the particular frequencies which can be used by each station that broadcasts in that country.
The fair use of all the frequencies available for broadcasting worldwide is co-ordinated and administered by part of the United Nations organisation - the ITU (International Telecommunications Union) - and its members are representatives from all countries worldwide.
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