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How is antibiotic resistance observed in bacteria in light of Darwinian selection theory?
Doodh
A random mutation causes one bacterium to become resistant to an antibiotic. Then all the others are killed when the antibiotic is introduced to the environment. The mutated bacterium is free to reproduce and soon many members of that species are resistant to that antibiotic.
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What contributes to the spread of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria?
Directional Selection
How do antibiotic resistant bacteria come about?
This term is misleading. The antibiotic "selects" bacteria that are not affected by it. If a person will grow bacteria on a petri dish and add an antibiotic to it, some bacteria may live and grow. This is actually a form of natural selection. The ones that will grow are resistance to the antibiotic. They have some way of not being affected. If a person takes a colony from the plate that has this resistance and grows it on another plate and add the antibiotic, all on the plate will be resistant.
How is antibiotic resistance an adaptation?
The trait giving bacteria antibiotic resistance has become common, giving bacteria with the trait a selective advantage.
When bacteria are not affected by antibiotics they have?
They have resistance to the antibiotic.
What one plate would you first inspect to conclude that the transformation occurred successfully Why?
If you transform bacteria with a plasmid containing a selection marker (such as an antibiotic resistance gene) and plate the transformed bacteria on a plate suited for selecting for plasmid-containing bacteria (such as a plate containing an antibiotic that only those bacteria with antibiotic resistance can survive), then simply inspecting whether colonies are present on the plate will suffice in determining whether the transformation succeeded. If no colonies are found, that means no bacteria got the antibiotic resistance gene on the plasmid and the transformation was unsuccessful. If some colonies are found, that means some bacteria contain the plamis containing the antibiotic resistance gene and those colonies can the transformation was successful.
Who benefits from a mutation that causes antibiotic resistance in bacteria?
The bacteria benefits.
Difference between direct and indirect selection of mutant bacteria?
Direct selection occurs when the bacteria are cultured in conditions where only the mutant will grow. For example, if a mutant bacterium has gained resistance to a specific antibiotic, only the mutant will be able to grow on media containing that specific antibiotic. Indirect selection occurs when the bacteria are cultured in conditions where the growth of the mutant is different from the growth of the wild type.
Antibiotic in gene cloning?
If antibiotic resistance is added to the gene being cloned, antibiotics can be used to isolate the transformed bacteria (ones with the gene being cloned) by killing off all non-transformed bacteria, that don't have the antibiotic resistance. There is a chance that the non-transformed bacteria can mutate to develop antibiotic resistance.
What is an example of direct evidence for evolution is... genetic changes in plants antibiotic resistance in bacteria pesticide resistance in insects or all of the above?
genetic changes in plants, antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and pesticide resistance in insects.
Are Antibiotic resistance evolved through the process of natural selection acting upon random mutation?
Antibiotic resistance is developed as the organism grows more resistant to a chemical that doesn't kill it initially. In bacteria, this is a mutation and gives rise to various 'strains'.
Which biological agent may be susceptible to antibiotic's but can develope resistance?
bacteria
How does tetracycline act as an agent for natural selction?
as the bacteria it was exposed to, eventually one strain mutated and this lead to a resistance to the antibiotic, and therefore the bacteria with the mutation was able to reproduce, where as the other bacteria would have been killed off by the antibiotic. Thus natural selection is achieved, yipee!(not for us)
